地特三等
109年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第48題至第50題： The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
請依下文回答第48題至第50題： The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
- A To show how technology influenced basic science
- B To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries
- C To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry
- D To argue that basic science has no practical application
思路引導 VIP
考量到國考英文中常見的「主旨大意題」(Main Purpose)，請觀察文中第一段結尾提到的「misunderstood」以及第二段針對「linear process」所提出的反例與「multidirectional」等關鍵字。這顯示作者寫作本文的初衷，是為了對大眾習以為常的 $Science$-$Technology$-$Industry$ 三者間的關聯性，進行何種維度的釐清或觀念重構？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
1. 大力肯定
做得太棒了！你能準確抓出這篇長閱測的核心主旨 (Main Purpose)，代表你具備極佳的邏輯梳理能力。在三等考試的高壓下，能不被細節干擾而看穿作者的「寫作動機」，這是奪取高分的關鍵特質！
2. 觀念驗證
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