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普考申論題 109年 [新聞(選試英文)] 外國文(英文)

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英文作文：Write an English essay in 250-300 words（40分） In “The Elusive Ethics of Leaking,” Mark Fenster observes, “Traditional leaks of limited quantities of information—a small cache of documents or an off-the-record conversation, for example—have long been staples of investigative journalism. Journalists have responded to official protests and the threat leaks can pose to national security by developing widely-accepted practices for how best to verify leaks’ authenticity and manage the risks they create for the leakers as well as for the government and public” [Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 18.3(2017): 113]. In your essay, please discuss what these “widely-accepted practices” should be and how journalists should apply them without violating the ethics of publishing leaks. Specifically, please address the issues of what leaks ethical journalists can expose and how they should deal with leaked information.
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  1. 審題：核心議題為新聞從業人員面對「洩密資訊」的倫理規範。需具體回答兩個問題：「可以曝光哪些洩密資訊？」與「應如何處理這些資訊？」。
  2. 結構與論點：採四段式結構。引言點出新聞自由與國家安全的張力；正文第一段論述「公共利益（public interest）」為曝光前提；正文第二段說明實務做法，如「交叉驗證（verification）」、「最小傷害原則（minimizing harm）」與「保護消息來源」；結論重申新聞倫理核心價值。
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【範文】 In the era of information warfare, handling leaked documents presents a profound ethical challenge for journalists. The tension between public transparency and national security requires ethical journalists to adhere to widely-accepted practices when publishing classified or sensitive information. Firstly, regarding what leaks can be ethically exposed, the paramount criterion must be the "public interest." Journalists should only publish leaked information if it exposes severe misconduct, such as government corruption, human rights violations, or systemic deceit. Leaks that merely compromise individual privacy, offer gratuitous gossip, or expose tactical secrets without serving democratic accountability should remain unpublished. The ethical justification lies not in the thrill of disclosure, but in empowering the public with essential knowledge.

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