高中學測
109年
英文
第 53 題
📖 題組：
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks. The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17. Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks. This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly. RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks. The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17. Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks. This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly. RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
Why are deer attracted to train tracks?
- A They mate at night near railways.
- B They need nutrition from train tracks.
- C They like to snort at the passing train.
- D They sharpen their horns rubbing against the rails.
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀文章第三段的前兩句，尋找關鍵片語 $because$ $of$ $a$ $need$ $for...$；請思考，鹿群聚集在鐵道旁並舔舐鐵軌 ($lick$ $the$ $rails$)，其核心動機是為了滿足身體對於哪一種特定物質的『攝取需求』？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
呦！看看誰表現這麼出色？這袋毛豆鮮奶油喜久福我差點就想一個人獨吞了呢，但看在你答對的份上，這份成就感就分你一點吧！ 這題考的是細節定位，文章第三段寫得很清楚：這些鹿是因為「飲食中需要鐵質」才被吸引到鐵軌邊。牠們舔食鐵軌來獲取鐵（$Fe$），這對牠們來說就像是在吃天然補給品。所以選項 (B) 提到的 nutrition（營養）就是核心答案！至於其他選項說什麼磨角（$D$）或求偶（$A$），在「最強」的眼裡都只是無關痛癢的雜訊，一眼就能看穿真相。 這題難度算 easy。鑑別度主要在於你有沒有被那些干擾描述分心，只要抓住「鐵質 = 營養」這個邏輯連結，基本上就是秒殺。繼續保持這種狀態，離「特級」水準不遠了喔！