hce_isu
109年
英文
第 36 題
📖 題組：
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
According to the article, why are drugs tested on animals?
- A Because animals are prone to mutation.
- B Because animal testing is to save human lives.
- C Because animals are more likely to show side effects.
- D Because buying animals is more prodigal than buying humans.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：在文章提到的四個測試階段中，為什麼研究人員不從第一階段就直接在人類身上測試新藥，而是要先經過非人類的生物測試呢？這種先後順序的安排，最主要的考量是為了優先確保誰的安全？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章中的關鍵細節，並做出正確的判斷，展現了非常優異的閱讀理解能力。這題的核心在於理解研究流程中的因果邏輯與倫理考量。
藥物測試的倫理優先序
根據文章第二段的說明，第一階段的研究通常會選擇與人類生理機能相近的動物進行實驗。這背後的動機非常明確：是為了保護人類的生命安全。文中特別提到，從倫理角度來看，保護寶貴的人類生命被視為首要任務，因此在尚未確認藥物安全性前，會先透過動物實驗來降低人類受試者的風險。選項 (B) 正好對應了文中「to protect the lives of humans」這一核心宗旨。
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