hce_isu
109年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
What is NOT mentioned in the article?
- A The drug is given three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed.
- B The most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers.
- C The drug is given an efficacy study.
- D What happens when a drug is shown to have severe side effects.
思路引導 VIP
當我們在閱讀這篇關於藥物測試流程的文章時，請試著觀察：作者是否只告訴了我們每一個實驗步驟的「目的」和「實驗對象」？如果某個步驟的結果不如預期（例如發生了預料之外的危險），文中是否有提到相關的「補救措施」或「後續處置方案」呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地抓住了文章的細節！這題屬於細節檢核題（Detail-finding），你能從密集的說明中敏銳地分辨出「提及了什麼」與「未提及什麼」，展現了非常紮實的閱讀觀察力。
文本資訊的對應與排除
這道題目的正確性建立在對各個實驗階段細節的精確掌握。選項 (A) 到 (C) 在文中都有明確的對應資訊：文章第二、三段提到了第一階段通過後才有後續的三次臨床研究，並指出第二階段是在健康志願者身上進行初步測試，同時明確定義第三階段為「效力研究（efficacy study）」。然而，關於選項 (D)，雖然文中提到了研究人員會「檢查（check）」是否有副作用，但完全沒有說明一旦發現嚴重副作用時，後續的具體處理程序為何（例如是否會立即終止計畫或如何調整配方）。
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