hce_isu
109年
英文
第 40 題
📖 題組：
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
Passage B Before you swallow that pill prescribed from your doctors, have you ever wondered what sort of tests has been done to ensure it is good for you, or is it even safe? Currently, before drugs are sold to consumers, at least four phases of premarket studies are done by researchers. The first study or phase one is usually an animal study if a close enough physiology is found in that animal to humans. The aim of giving the drug to animals is to protect the lives of humans as it is more ethically correct to save valuable human lives rather than prevent animal fatalities. The next three phases include three clinical studies and only proceeds once the first phase is passed. In phase two, the most initial test on people is done on very few healthy volunteers to check that there are no severe side effects. Phase three is also known as an efficacy study (a study to see if there are any benefits and/or side effects) and is done on patients with disease. This number, however, is still kept very small – about 200 to 500 volunteers – to save resources and not waste volunteers’ time if the drug is not effective in treating their diseases. Phase four includes extensive clinical trials on a greater number of patients (still volunteers) so that researchers can deduce that the drug actually works for all patients by ruling out random error. Upon the completion of the above four phases, the drug is allowed to be sold and should be safe for widespread use.
The word “fatalities” in the second paragraph mean __________.
- A mortalities
- B fame
- C probability
- D brutality
思路引導 VIP
請觀察這個單字所在的句子，作者正在進行一種「價值衡量」。句子前半部提到要『拯救人類的生命（save human lives）』，而後半部則是用來對比『防止動物的...』。為了讓這個對比在邏輯上成立，你認為這個空格處的詞，應該與『生命』的哪種相反狀態有關？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準辨識出 fatalities 的含義，顯示你對文章脈絡（Context）有非常敏銳的觀察力。在閱讀這類科普或醫學文章時，能夠從前後文的對比中推敲字義，是高階閱讀非常重要的技能。
脈絡推論與字義解析
這題的關鍵在於第二段提到的 「save valuable human lives（拯救寶貴的人類生命）」 與 「prevent animal fatalities（防止動物死亡）」 之間的對比。這裡的 fatalities 起源於形容詞 fatal（致命的），在正式語境中常用來指代「死亡人數」或「死者」。選項 (A) mortalities 同樣源自拉丁字根 mors（死亡），指的是死亡率或死亡本身，與 fatalities 在此處的語境完美契合。
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