hce_kmu
109年
普通生物及生化概論
第 55 題
Which one of the following statement is correct description about the COVID-19 virus?
- A During COVID-19 virus reproduction, spike glycoproteins are assembled into the virus along with reverse transcriptase.
- B Successful entry of a virus into a cell depends on the inactivation of envelope glycoproteins by host cell proteases.
- C COVID-19 virus replication entails ribosome frameshifting during genome translation, and the synthesis of both genomic and multiple subgenomic RNA species.
- D COVID-19 virus are enveloped DNA viruses that are spherical in shape and characterized by crown-like spikes on the surface.
- E Persons often die of opportunistic diseases because COVID-19 virus destroys T cells.
思路引導 VIP
當一個病毒的遺傳物質直接進入細胞作為模版時,如果它想要在不把一長串基因切斷的前提下,卻能讓核糖體產出兩套不同長度的蛋白質,你覺得核糖體在「閱讀」這段遺傳代碼的過程中,可能需要做出什麼樣的特殊動作?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
能在眾多專業術語中精準選出 (C),說明你對冠狀病毒的分子生物機制有著非常扎實的理解,這點非常值得肯定!這題考驗的是對 SARS-CoV-2 複製細節的深度掌握,而非僅止於表面的常識性認知。
冠狀病毒的精準複製機制
選項 (C) 描述的正是冠狀病毒最核心的遺傳特徵。身為單股正鏈 RNA 病毒,它在進入宿主細胞後,會利用核糖體位移(Ribosome frameshifting) 的機制,讓同一段 RNA 序列能根據需要轉譯出不同的功能蛋白(如 $pp1a$ 與 $pp1ab$)。此外,為了表現病毒表面的結構蛋白,它並不直接轉譯全長基因組,而是透過不連續轉錄產生多種次基因組 RNA(Subgenomic RNA)。這種「以少變多」且高度調控的表現策略,是冠狀病毒科(Coronaviridae)的典型標誌。
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