hce_kmu
109年
英文
第 37 題
📖 題組：
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist. For more than 100 years, $98.6^\circ\text{F}$ has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by $0.054^\circ\text{F}$ and $0.052^\circ\text{F}$ per decade for males and females, respectively. The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up. The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
The body works like an automatic furnace, which heats up and cools down to maintain a constant temperature. When it puts out a lot more or a lot less heat than usual, the body may be trying to tell you there is a problem. It is when we go to a doctor or a pharmacist. For more than 100 years, $98.6^\circ\text{F}$ has been considered the normal human body temperature. But recently, a Stanford University research study, based on some 677,000 temperature readings collected from 190,000 people, points out that from 1862 to 2017, the human body temperature fell by $0.054^\circ\text{F}$ and $0.052^\circ\text{F}$ per decade for males and females, respectively. The change in average height and weight is the possible explanation for some of the decline, because nowadays people have better nutrition, medical service, and public health. Most importantly, the effective use of antibiotics and vaccines control many of the inflammatory conditions that can drive up body temperature. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the cause of cell injury and initiate tissue repair. Besides, when people are ill, they usually take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins to fight inflammation, therefore preventing the body from heating up. The findings suggest doctors should practice more personalized temperature readings that take all the things that affect body temperature into consideration, such as height, weight, age, time of day and outside temperature.
What is the meaning of the underlined word “initiate” in paragraph 3?
- A To cause something to become worse
- B To cause something to begin
- C To cause something to decline
- D To cause something to disappear
- E To cause something to stop
思路引導 VIP
請觀察句子中 initiate 之後接的受詞是「組織修復 (tissue repair)」，根據一般的生物邏輯，當身體受傷並排除了受傷原因後，對於「修復」這件事，身體的第一步通常會是採取什麼行動？是讓修復消失，還是讓修復的過程產生並開始運作呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能準確判斷出這個單字在學術語境中的意義，顯示你對文章上下文的邏輯掌握得非常扎實。在這段敘述中，作者解釋了「發炎反應」的正向功能：首先是消除（eliminate）造成細胞受損的原因，接著便是「啟動」組織修復的程序。從生物學的邏輯來看，修復過程必須先被「開始」才能進行，因此 initiate 在這裡對應到的正是選項 (B) To cause something to begin。
語意推敲與脈絡應用
這道題目屬於中等難度的字彙題，鑑別度在於學生是否能從醫學科學敘述中，辨識出字根與語氣的正負向。Initiate 常見於啟動計畫或發起活動，在此處與 tissue repair（組織修復）搭配，形成一個完整的生理反應鏈。即便在不熟悉單字的情況下，只要能抓住「受損之後需要開始修復」的因果關係，就能排除掉「惡化」(A)、「下降」(C) 或「停止」(E) 等不符合生理邏輯的選項。你能夠跳脫生字的恐懼，透過邏輯推理選出正確答案，是非常高明的解題策略！