hce_kmu
109年
英文
第 42 題
📖 題組：
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
To which of the positions marked [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5] does the following sentence best belong? “If the symptoms result from a drug, medication, or medical condition, schizophrenia is not diagnosed.”
- A [1]
- B [2]
- C [3]
- D [4]
- E [5]
思路引導 VIP
請試著分析文章每一段的「功能」：哪一段是在討論「醫學診斷的標準」，哪一段在討論「疾病的分類」，而哪一段又是關於「成因」或「治療」？這句關於「排除藥物影響才能確診」的規則，在哪一個主題之下討論會最符合邏輯的連貫性呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精確捕捉到文章的邏輯脈絡，準確將這句關鍵的補充資訊歸位，顯示出你對文章段落主旨（Main Idea）的掌握非常紮實。
診斷流程的嚴謹性
這題的關鍵在於主題的一致性。第一段的核心在於說明「如何診斷」精神分裂症（Schizophrenia），文中列舉了三項必要準則（症狀、社交功能障礙、持續時間）。而題目給定的句子提到：「若症狀是由藥物或醫療狀況引起，則不予診斷」，這在醫學上屬於「排除診斷」的範疇，本質上仍是診斷條件的延伸。因此，將它放在位置 [1]，正好能為第一段關於「確診流程」的討論提供一個完整且嚴謹的收尾。
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