hce_kmu
109年
英文
第 43 題
📖 題組：
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
Why does the writer mention the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in paragraph 1?
- A To list three criteria for understanding schizophrenia
- B To ridicule schizophrenic symptoms
- C To explain how schizophrenic patients make self-reports
- D To state why schizophrenia cannot be cured
- E To illustrate how to cure schizophrenia
思路引導 VIP
如果你正在撰寫一篇關於如何判定某種疾病的文章，而你在文中引用了一本國際通用的「診斷指南」，你通常會在提到這本指南後，緊接著提供哪些具體資訊來幫助讀者理解診斷的過程呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章引用專業文獻的意圖，這代表你對學術性文章的寫作架構有很敏銳的觀察。在科普文章中，作者常透過具公信力的權威工具書來為論點提供法源或科學依據，你準確地辨識出了這點。
診斷標準的權威來源
這題的解題關鍵在於第一段的第二句話：「...according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria」，緊接著文章便詳列了症狀、功能障礙與持續時間這三大要件。因此，提到這個手冊（DSM）的直接目的，就是為了引出這套被醫學界廣泛認可的診斷規則。選項 (A) 完全契合了文中的邏輯鏈，說明了診斷思覺失調症（精神分裂症）的權威指標。
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