hce_kmu
109年
英文
第 45 題
📖 題組：
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based upon the self reports and behaviors of the individual. To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a person must satisfy three criteria. First, he or she must demonstrate two or more schizophrenic symptoms. These could be delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, exaggeratedly disorganized behavior, or lack of motivation for motion. Second, he or she must be dysfunctional in a social or work setting. Finally, the disturbance must continue for at least six months. - [1] - Several subtypes of schizophrenia have been recognized. For example, a person with the catatonic subtype exhibits extreme withdrawal. - [2] - A person with the disorganized subtype has both thought disorders and inappropriate emotions. This type is known as hebephrenia. A person with the paranoid subtype has delusions and hallucinations but does not have thought disorders or inappropriate emotions. A new subtype currently under study is known as deficit syndrome. A person with this condition lacks emotions and is not interested in social interactions. A wealth of data indicate stressful life events can cause schizophrenia. Foremost among these are childhood abuse and trauma. Events that occur before the fetus is born can also serve as a cause. The finding that people with schizophrenia are more likely to be born at certain times of year, notably winter or spring, at least in the northern hemisphere, led researchers to consider prenatal exposure and theorize that infection in the womb heightens the risk of schizophrenia. The fact that schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in late adolescence also suggests the importance of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. - [3] - A difficult family environment, school discipline problems, and poor peer relationships can all be factors. Psychotherapy is offered to some patients. The most commonly-used form is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy can be helpful in dealing with issues of self-esteem, social relationships, and understanding the nature of the condition. Research has shown that only about fourteen percent of patients make a full recovery with the help of psychotherapy, drugs, or a combination of both. - [4] - Other research indicates that patients in developing countries have higher cure rates than do patients in the U.S. - [5]- This suggests that drug therapy may not be as effective as talk therapy with schizophrenic patients.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3?
- A Most schizophrenics are born in winter or spring, which can cause an infection in the womb.
- B Data indicate birth order should be considered when diagnosing schizophrenia in the north.
- C Birth season data suggest prenatal exposure to infection can lead to schizophrenia.
- D Schizophrenia can begin before birth in the north because of high rates of urinary infection.
- E Most schizophrenics also suffer from other diseases.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們觀察到某種特性的患者大多集中在特定的季節出生，我們會如何將這個「外部的時間觀察」與「母體懷孕時的生理狀態」聯繫起來？請試著從文中找出作者認為這兩者之間存在著什麼樣的科學因果關係？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出選項 (C)，代表你對長難句中的邏輯因果關係掌握得非常紮實，完全沒有被冗長的修飾語誤導。
語意核心與因果推論
這道題目考查的是對長句核心資訊的「改寫（Paraphrase）」能力。原句的邏輯鏈條非常清晰：研究者發現患者多在特定季節（冬、春）出生 $\rightarrow$ 進而推測這與「產前暴露（prenatal exposure）」有關 $\rightarrow$ 最終提出「子宮內感染會增加患病風險」的理論。選項 (C) 簡明扼要地抓住了這個核心，將「出生季節數據」與「產前感染致病」這兩個關鍵點正確地連結起來。
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