調查局三等
109年
[營繕工程組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Two years ago, a group of elders in a village in north-western Uganda agreed to lend their land to refugees from South Sudan. About 120,000 are now in the surrounding area. Here they live in tarpaulin shelters and mud-brick huts on a patch of scrub where cows once grazed. Kemis Butele, a gravel-voiced Ugandan elder, explains that hosting refugees is a way for a remote place, long neglected by the central government, to get noticed. He hopes for new schools, clinics and a decent road – and “that our children can get jobs.” There are more than 20 million refugees in the world today, more than at any time since the end of the second world war. Nearly 90% reside in poor countries. In many, to preserve jobs for natives, governments bar refugees from working in the formal economy. Uganda has shown how a different approach can reap dividends. The government gives refugees land plots and lets them work. In some places, the refugees boost local businesses and act as a magnet for foreign aid. Mr. Butele and many other Ugandans see their new neighbors as a benefit, not a burden. Sadly, such attitudes are still the exception. Refugees are “brothers and sisters,”say many Ugandans. Mr. Butele was once one himself. But the welcome is also a pragmatic one. Northern Uganda is so poor that some locals pose as refugees to receive food aid. Others see refugees as buyers for local goods. Elsewhere in Uganda has indeed seen such positive spillover. One study from 2016 found that the presence of Congolese refugees in western Uganda had increased consumption per household. Another estimates that each new refugee household boosts total income, including that of refugees, by $320-430 more than the cost of the aid the household is given. That rises to $560-670 when refugees are given cash instead of rations.
Two years ago, a group of elders in a village in north-western Uganda agreed to lend their land to refugees from South Sudan. About 120,000 are now in the surrounding area. Here they live in tarpaulin shelters and mud-brick huts on a patch of scrub where cows once grazed. Kemis Butele, a gravel-voiced Ugandan elder, explains that hosting refugees is a way for a remote place, long neglected by the central government, to get noticed. He hopes for new schools, clinics and a decent road – and “that our children can get jobs.” There are more than 20 million refugees in the world today, more than at any time since the end of the second world war. Nearly 90% reside in poor countries. In many, to preserve jobs for natives, governments bar refugees from working in the formal economy. Uganda has shown how a different approach can reap dividends. The government gives refugees land plots and lets them work. In some places, the refugees boost local businesses and act as a magnet for foreign aid. Mr. Butele and many other Ugandans see their new neighbors as a benefit, not a burden. Sadly, such attitudes are still the exception. Refugees are “brothers and sisters,”say many Ugandans. Mr. Butele was once one himself. But the welcome is also a pragmatic one. Northern Uganda is so poor that some locals pose as refugees to receive food aid. Others see refugees as buyers for local goods. Elsewhere in Uganda has indeed seen such positive spillover. One study from 2016 found that the presence of Congolese refugees in western Uganda had increased consumption per household. Another estimates that each new refugee household boosts total income, including that of refugees, by $320-430 more than the cost of the aid the household is given. That rises to $560-670 when refugees are given cash instead of rations.
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “spillover”?
- A Dividend.
- B Magnet.
- C Presence.
- D Excess.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察 “spillover” 這個單字，它是由 “spill”（溢出）與 “over”（越過）組合而成。想像一下，當一個杯子裝滿水後，如果你繼續往裡面倒，水會發生什麼變化？在文中，當難民帶來的經濟效益「流到了」原本預期之外的範圍時，哪一個詞最能描述這種「多出來、滿溢」的狀態呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳！
- 大力肯定：能從上下文推論出學術詞彙的深層含義，這顯示你具備了高階的閱讀理解與語境辨析能力，做得非常出色！
- 觀念驗證：Spillover 的字面意思是「溢出」。在文中，這指的是難民的到來產生的「額外影響」。研究顯示難民增加了當地的消費與收入，這種「從原本預期中多出來、漫溢到周圍」的效果，在物理與抽象意義上都與 Excess (超越、過量、溢出部分) 的核心概念最為契合。
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