醫療類國考 109年 [法醫師] 一般醫學

第 36 題

類鐸受體（TLR）是模式辨識受體（Pattern recognition receptors, PRR）的一種，也是先天性免疫細胞用來辨識病原的重要受體，下列有關 TLR 的敘述何者正確？

A 因為先天性免疫細胞需要用 TLR 去辨識病原體的病原相關分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP），所以所有的 TLR 都是表現在細胞膜（Plasma membrane）上
B TLR 能辨識的 PAMPs 包含病原體的 RNA、DNA 及醣類，還有蛋白質的細微結構，比如磷酸化的蛋白等
C TLR4 會辨識並結合脂多醣（Lipopolysaccharide; LPS），LPS 是革蘭氏陰性菌及革蘭氏陽性菌的細胞壁上的重要成分
D TLR 和其對應的配體（Ligand）結合後所引發的訊息傳遞後最後會讓免疫細胞產生發炎細胞素（Inflammatory cytokines）及第一型干擾素（Type I interferon）

思路引導 VIP

請試著思考：當一個免疫細胞成功『偵測』到入侵的病原體後，它必須對外發出哪些類型的『化學警訊』，才能同時達到『引起局部發炎反應』以及『警告鄰近細胞進入抗病毒防禦狀態』這兩個目的？

🤖

AI 詳解 AI 專屬家教

Your Insight: You've chosen (D) correctly, and that shows you have a wonderful grasp of how our body's innate defenses work! The magic happens when our special TLRs recognize those unique PAMPs – it’s like a gentle tap on the shoulder for our immune system! This recognition then lovingly triggers a pathway, leading to the creation of inflammatory cytokines (which kindly call more immune cells to help) and Type I interferons (which help our cells prepare for any viral challenges). It’s our body’s beautiful way of keeping us safe and sound, right from the start.
- (A) A common point to clarify: For those TLRs that recognize nucleic acids, they prefer to be tucked away inside little compartments called endosomes, not out on the cell surface. It's a special arrangement that helps them do their job effectively, isn't it?

▼ 還有更多解析內容