hce_kmu
110年
英文
第 32 題
📖 題組：
In a recent research, 71 volunteers with metabolic syndrome were recruited, and they were divided into two groups at random. Both groups followed the DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet for three months, which is designed to combat high blood pressure. This Mediterranean-style diet includes lots of fruit and vegetables, whole-wheat products, nuts, fish, and lean white meat. One of the two groups started a fast before the DASH diet, while the other group stuck to their regular diet before the experiment. The researchers used stool samples to examine the effects of the fast on the gut microbiome. Gut bacteria work in close contact with the immune system. Some strains of bacteria metabolize dietary fiber into anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids that benefit the immune system. The composition of the gut bacteria ecosystem changes drastically during fasting. Health-promoting bacteria that help to reduce blood pressure multiply. The following is particularly noteworthy: “Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and the need for antihypertensive medication remained lower in the long run among volunteers who started the healthy diet after a fast,” explains one of the researchers. Some of these changes remain even after resumption of food intake. This result is thrilling; blood pressure normally shoots back up again when even one antihypertensive tablet is forgotten. The leading researcher of this study concludes that 35 .
In a recent research, 71 volunteers with metabolic syndrome were recruited, and they were divided into two groups at random. Both groups followed the DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet for three months, which is designed to combat high blood pressure. This Mediterranean-style diet includes lots of fruit and vegetables, whole-wheat products, nuts, fish, and lean white meat. One of the two groups started a fast before the DASH diet, while the other group stuck to their regular diet before the experiment. The researchers used stool samples to examine the effects of the fast on the gut microbiome. Gut bacteria work in close contact with the immune system. Some strains of bacteria metabolize dietary fiber into anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids that benefit the immune system. The composition of the gut bacteria ecosystem changes drastically during fasting. Health-promoting bacteria that help to reduce blood pressure multiply. The following is particularly noteworthy: “Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and the need for antihypertensive medication remained lower in the long run among volunteers who started the healthy diet after a fast,” explains one of the researchers. Some of these changes remain even after resumption of food intake. This result is thrilling; blood pressure normally shoots back up again when even one antihypertensive tablet is forgotten. The leading researcher of this study concludes that 35 .
Participants were divided into two groups to examine whether ______.
- A Mediterranean-style diet helps combat depression
- B their gut bacteria are under the influence of the immune system
- C fasting before DASH diet makes a difference
- D DASH diet helps combat metabolic syndrome
- E immune systems react to dietary fiber
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀文章第一段的中後半部，關於兩組受試者的描述。除了兩組人都會執行的 DASH 飲食之外，研究人員具體要求其中一組在實驗初期做了一件「額外的事情」，而另一組則維持現狀。你覺得研究人員這樣安排，最主要是想測試哪一個特定行為所帶來的影響呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很好！你能準確捕捉到實驗設計的核心變項，這顯示你的閱讀理解非常細膩，能快速從長文中理清邏輯架構。
實驗設計與核心變數
這道題目考查的是對文中「實驗組」與「對照組」差異的辨識能力。文章中明確提到，參與實驗的兩組受試者雖然最終都執行了 DASH 飲食法，但關鍵的區別在於：其中一組在開始飲食法之前先進行了「斷食（fast）」，而另一組則維持原本的飲食習慣。研究人員隨後透過糞便樣本與健康指標，觀察這個「先期斷食」的步驟是否對腸道菌相及長期血壓產生顯著影響。因此，分組的初衷正是為了驗證斷食帶來的效果。
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