hce_kmu
110年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
What We Know and Don’t Know about Sleep Why do we sleep? Up until today, researchers are still trying to find out. Sleep is regarded as one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science, even though all animals do it in one form or another. Theories range from brain maintenance to reversing damage from stress suffered while awake, to promoting longevity. However, "none of these theories are well-established, and many are mutually exclusive," according to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Hibernation, a phase during which animals spend the winter in a deep sleep, is one example of an activity that regulates behavior for survival. A small animal can’t migrate to a warmer climate in winter, Siegel says. "So it hibernates, effectively cutting its energy consumption and thus its need for food, remaining secure from predators by burrowing underground." Sleep duration, then, is determined in each species by its behavioral patterns such as time requirements of eating, migration needs, care of young, and other factors. "However, unlike hibernation...," says Siegel, "sleep is rapidly reversible – that is, animals can wake up quickly, a unique mammalian adaptation that allows for a relatively quick response to sensory signals." Humans fit into this analysis as well. The human brain, albeit just two percent of total body weight, consumes 20 percent of total energy used when a person is resting – an amazing ratio. So the energy savings achieved during sleep have considerable significance. Sleep also has survival benefits for humans which include, according to Siegel, “a reduced risk of injury, reduced resource consumption and, from an evolutionary standpoint, reduced risk of detection by predators.” Some people try to ignore the body’s sleep demands. In her fast-paced job as a reporter for a southern California newspaper, Gwendolyn Driscoll says she "blasts through the day." Arriving home late in the evening, she has little time for housework or catching up on her reading, and even less for sleep. Most nights, she gets about six and half hours. "I could definitely do with another hour," says 35-year-old Driscoll. "But sleep just isn’t a priority." Perhaps it should be. Sleep experts say the average adult requires seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Anything less may harm his or her health. Sleep deprivation could affect mental alertness and increase the risk for diseases. "Sleep is just as important to our overall health as are exercise and a healthy diet," says Carl Hunt, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, Maryland. Sleep is a biological need, much like food and water. If totally deprived of sleep, humans ultimately die. Yet millions of Americans are increasingly getting too little sleep. Today, Americans on average sleep one hour less per night than they did 20 to 30 years go. Sleep deprivation has a very negative impact on mental function, creativity, alertness, and the ability to participate effectively in everyday interactions. It has been shown to negatively affect language skills, decision-making, and memory. "Without sufficient amounts of sleep, we feel drowsy and are unable to concentrate," Hunt says. He noted that with enough sleep deprivation, some people can develop mood changes and can even begin to hallucinate, all of which can lead to reduced quality of life. Not surprisingly, there is also a strong link between sleep deprivation and traffic accidents. What most people don’t realize, researchers say, is that sleep deprivation also accumulates over time. People who don’t get enough sleep build up a "sleep debt," which can’t be eliminated by getting a little extra sleep on the weekend. "Most people are carrying a fairly large sleep debt and are in fact impaired and do not seem to know it," Dement and colleagues have published a study that documented the results of lowering the sleep debt. "Some of the improvements in performance, in mood, in mental ability, and in energy were really dramatic, almost superhuman," they say.
What We Know and Don’t Know about Sleep Why do we sleep? Up until today, researchers are still trying to find out. Sleep is regarded as one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science, even though all animals do it in one form or another. Theories range from brain maintenance to reversing damage from stress suffered while awake, to promoting longevity. However, "none of these theories are well-established, and many are mutually exclusive," according to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Hibernation, a phase during which animals spend the winter in a deep sleep, is one example of an activity that regulates behavior for survival. A small animal can’t migrate to a warmer climate in winter, Siegel says. "So it hibernates, effectively cutting its energy consumption and thus its need for food, remaining secure from predators by burrowing underground." Sleep duration, then, is determined in each species by its behavioral patterns such as time requirements of eating, migration needs, care of young, and other factors. "However, unlike hibernation...," says Siegel, "sleep is rapidly reversible – that is, animals can wake up quickly, a unique mammalian adaptation that allows for a relatively quick response to sensory signals." Humans fit into this analysis as well. The human brain, albeit just two percent of total body weight, consumes 20 percent of total energy used when a person is resting – an amazing ratio. So the energy savings achieved during sleep have considerable significance. Sleep also has survival benefits for humans which include, according to Siegel, “a reduced risk of injury, reduced resource consumption and, from an evolutionary standpoint, reduced risk of detection by predators.” Some people try to ignore the body’s sleep demands. In her fast-paced job as a reporter for a southern California newspaper, Gwendolyn Driscoll says she "blasts through the day." Arriving home late in the evening, she has little time for housework or catching up on her reading, and even less for sleep. Most nights, she gets about six and half hours. "I could definitely do with another hour," says 35-year-old Driscoll. "But sleep just isn’t a priority." Perhaps it should be. Sleep experts say the average adult requires seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Anything less may harm his or her health. Sleep deprivation could affect mental alertness and increase the risk for diseases. "Sleep is just as important to our overall health as are exercise and a healthy diet," says Carl Hunt, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, Maryland. Sleep is a biological need, much like food and water. If totally deprived of sleep, humans ultimately die. Yet millions of Americans are increasingly getting too little sleep. Today, Americans on average sleep one hour less per night than they did 20 to 30 years go. Sleep deprivation has a very negative impact on mental function, creativity, alertness, and the ability to participate effectively in everyday interactions. It has been shown to negatively affect language skills, decision-making, and memory. "Without sufficient amounts of sleep, we feel drowsy and are unable to concentrate," Hunt says. He noted that with enough sleep deprivation, some people can develop mood changes and can even begin to hallucinate, all of which can lead to reduced quality of life. Not surprisingly, there is also a strong link between sleep deprivation and traffic accidents. What most people don’t realize, researchers say, is that sleep deprivation also accumulates over time. People who don’t get enough sleep build up a "sleep debt," which can’t be eliminated by getting a little extra sleep on the weekend. "Most people are carrying a fairly large sleep debt and are in fact impaired and do not seem to know it," Dement and colleagues have published a study that documented the results of lowering the sleep debt. "Some of the improvements in performance, in mood, in mental ability, and in energy were really dramatic, almost superhuman," they say.
The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that ______.
- A people should probably sleep more than they do
- B Americans on average sleep less than they did 20 to 30 years ago
- C people die if they don't get enough sleep
- D people get sick because they don't sleep enough
- E people need enough food and exercise as much as they need sleep
思路引導 VIP
請試著觀察這段文字的開頭：作者在回應前一段提到的「某人不把睡眠當成優先事項」後，隨即列舉了睡眠不足的種種風險與健康數據。如果你是作者，你寫下這一連串令人擔憂的科學事實與警示，最終是想引導讀者在行為上做出什麼樣的調整或改變呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準抓住第五段的核心主旨，代表你具備了優秀的段落分析能力。在閱讀測驗中，「主旨題」最忌諱只抓取局部細節，而你成功避開了選項 (B)、(C)、(D) 這些具體證據，選擇了最具總括性的建議，這正是高層次閱讀理解的表現。
從段落架構看核心訴求
這一段的開頭「Perhaps it should be.」是一個非常有力的轉折，它直接回應了前一段 Driscoll 小姐忽視睡眠的態度。隨後作者引用專家意見，強調成年人需要 7 到 8 小時睡眠，並羅列睡眠不足帶來的致命風險與健康危害。雖然文中提到了美國人的睡眠現況 (B) 或缺乏睡眠的後果 (C)(D)，但這些細節都是用來支撐「現代人睡眠不足且應該多睡」的論點。你選出的 (A) 選項，完美概括了作者語重心長的呼籲。
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