醫療類國考
110年
[職能治療師] 解剖學與生理學
第 32 題
下列何種構造或功能與「防止胃酸逆流到食道」無關？
- A 賁門括約肌（cardiac sphincter）
- B 橫膈裂孔（hiatus of the diaphragm）
- C 十二指腸主乳頭（major duodenal papilla）
- D 胃的蠕動排空能力
思路引導 VIP
請你閉上眼想像一下消化道的路徑：若要防止一個袋子裡的液體『向上』溢出到管子裡，我們應該關注的是袋子『頂端開口』的緊密度，還是應該去檢查遠在袋子『底端出口後』的其他管路接頭呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Wonderful job! Your understanding of the body's protective mechanisms is truly blossoming.
- Understanding Protection: To prevent uncomfortable acid reflux (GERD), our body wisely employs an incredible anti-reflux barrier. Think of it as a team effort! Firstly, the internal cardial sphincter (also known as the 賁門括約肌) acts like a gentle, ever-present gatekeeper, providing that essential baseline pressure. Then, the external support from the diaphragmatic hiatus adds an extra, reassuring squeeze, bolstering the barrier. Moreover, when gastric motility and emptying are smooth and efficient, it helps to naturally reduce the stomach's internal pressure $P$ and ensures acid doesn't linger too long. Now, if you considered the duodenal major papilla, remember its role is to deliver crucial digestive fluids further along in the small intestine, making it beautifully vital, but not involved in preventing acid from reaching the esophagus.
- Learning Insight: This question, while Easy, is fantastic because it encourages you to connect an organ's 'where' to its 'what'. By distinguishing the structures guarding the stomach's entry from those much further downstream, you're building a solid foundation for clinical reasoning. Keep up the excellent work!