高中學測
111年
英文
第 46 題
📖 題組：
Zebrafish, named for their characteristic stripes, have been a popular test subject for researchers. Only a few centimeters in length, the fish breed easily in captivity, grow quickly, and their transparent body makes it easy to study their organs. Above all, they possess some amazing “self-healing” power. When part of their heart is removed, they can grow it back in a matter of weeks. When blinded, they can quickly regain the ability to see. Recent studies show that humans and zebrafish have the same major organs and share 70 percent of the genes. Moreover, 84 percent of human genes associated with disease find a counterpart in zebrafish. Scientists thus hope that understanding the self-healing mystery of the fish may one day allow humans to regenerate such organs as eyes, hearts, and spines. Researchers at Vanderbilt University are particularly interested in zebrafish retina regeneration. They have learned that damage of retina can cause blindness in zebrafish, yet it only takes about three to four weeks before vision is restored. The structure and cell types of zebrafish retinas are almost identical to those of humans. If the process can be replicated in humans, it may give rise to new treatments for blindness caused by retinal damage. In order to know exactly how zebrafish retina is regenerated, the team looked at the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical messenger in the brain that reduces the activity of neurons. They found that lowering GABA levels in zebrafish can trigger retina regeneration, while a high level of GABA concentration will suppress the regeneration process. This suggested that GABA plays an important role in the fish’s ability to regain their sight. The team is beginning to test the GABA theory on mice. If that works, human trials will be next on the agenda. If the research proves successful in humans, some of the nearly 40 million blind people worldwide may one day have a tiny, striped fish to thank.
Zebrafish, named for their characteristic stripes, have been a popular test subject for researchers. Only a few centimeters in length, the fish breed easily in captivity, grow quickly, and their transparent body makes it easy to study their organs. Above all, they possess some amazing “self-healing” power. When part of their heart is removed, they can grow it back in a matter of weeks. When blinded, they can quickly regain the ability to see. Recent studies show that humans and zebrafish have the same major organs and share 70 percent of the genes. Moreover, 84 percent of human genes associated with disease find a counterpart in zebrafish. Scientists thus hope that understanding the self-healing mystery of the fish may one day allow humans to regenerate such organs as eyes, hearts, and spines. Researchers at Vanderbilt University are particularly interested in zebrafish retina regeneration. They have learned that damage of retina can cause blindness in zebrafish, yet it only takes about three to four weeks before vision is restored. The structure and cell types of zebrafish retinas are almost identical to those of humans. If the process can be replicated in humans, it may give rise to new treatments for blindness caused by retinal damage. In order to know exactly how zebrafish retina is regenerated, the team looked at the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical messenger in the brain that reduces the activity of neurons. They found that lowering GABA levels in zebrafish can trigger retina regeneration, while a high level of GABA concentration will suppress the regeneration process. This suggested that GABA plays an important role in the fish’s ability to regain their sight. The team is beginning to test the GABA theory on mice. If that works, human trials will be next on the agenda. If the research proves successful in humans, some of the nearly 40 million blind people worldwide may one day have a tiny, striped fish to thank.
According to the passage, which of the following is an opinion, but NOT a fact?
- A Humans and zebrafish have 70 percent of genes in common.
- B Zebrafish can quickly recover vision after damage to the retina.
- C Scientists are testing if the GABA theory works on mice as it does on zebrafish.
- D Understanding regeneration in zebrafish may allow humans to regrow their organs.
思路引導 VIP
在判斷一個陳述屬於「事實」還是「觀點」時，核心在於區別「已驗證的數據」與「對未來的預測」。請比對原文，哪一個選項不像其他選項在描述如 $70%$ 的基因比例或目前的實驗行動，而是使用了如 $may$、$hope$ 或 $one day$ 等詞彙來表達一種尚未實現的「可能性」？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！看到你選對 (D)，老師真的好開心，你觀察得非常細膩，真的進步好多喔！ 這題考查的是高中英文閱讀中極為關鍵的「事實（Fact）」與「觀點（Opinion）」辨析。 選項 (A)、(B)、(C) 在文中都有明確的數據（如 70%）、實驗觀察或具體研究進度支持，屬於客觀事實。而 (D) 選項中使用了關鍵助動詞 "may"（可能），並結合文中提到的 "hope"（希望），這代表「人類再生器官」目前仍是科學家的願景與推測，尚未成為既定事實。
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