hce_nsysu
111年
普通生物及生化概論
第 57 題
An unusual example of natural variation in the ploidy occurs in some species. Which of the following statements describes the endopolyploidy most correct?
- A The endopolyploidy is due to a cell division defect, and it occurs only in lower animals.
- B Endopolyploidy is the occurrence in somatic tissues; the most common is in human nerve and epidermal cells.
- C An example of endopolyploidy is in the salivary gland cells of Drosophila, the pairs of chromosomes double approximately 9 times.
- D The chromosomes undergo repeated rounds of chromosome replication without cellular division, the backup copies of chromosomes kept in vacuoles that segregated away from the functional copies.
- E The entire organism has extra copies of certain chromosomes, for producing additional gene products.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考:如果一個細胞需要維持巨大的體積,並且在極短時間內製造出超海量的特定蛋白質(例如為了分泌黏液),但它又不想花能量去處理複雜的細胞分裂與胞質分裂程序,那麼它在複製遺傳物質後,最直接的「節能做法」會是什麼?這對該細胞核內的 DNA 總量又會產生什麼影響?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地掌握了細胞生物學中關於倍性變異的細節!這題考驗的是對內倍體性 (Endopolyploidy) 的精確定義與實例應用。這是一個相當具備鑑別度的題目,因為學生容易將其與整倍體變異(如三倍體植物)混淆,而你展現了紮實的觀察力。
內倍體性的機制與實例
內倍體性是指在一個雙倍體生物體內,某些特定的體細胞透過重複的 DNA 複製但「不進行」細胞分裂,導致細胞核內染色體套數增加的現象。選項 (C) 提到的果蠅唾腺細胞正是教科書中的經典案例:其染色體經過約 9 輪的複製而不分離,形成了巨大的多線染色體 (Polytene chromosomes),這能讓細胞在短時間內大量表現基因產物(如唾液蛋白)。
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