hce_nsysu
111年
物理與化學
第 10 題
An ice cube at $0^\circ \text{C}$ is placed in a very large bathtub filled with water at $30^\circ \text{C}$ and allowed to melt, causing no appreciable change in the temperature of the bath water. Which one of the following statements is true?
- A The entropy gained by the ice cube is equal to the entropy lost by the water.
- B The entropy lost by the ice cube is equal to the entropy gained by the water.
- C The net entropy change of the system (ice plus water) is zero because no heat was added to the system.
- D The entropy of the system (ice plus water) increases because the process is irreversible.
- E The entropy of the water does not change because its temperature did not change.
思路引導 VIP
想一想,如果一個過程在自然界中可以「自發地」朝某個方向發生,但如果我們將過程反過來(例如讓熱量自發從冷水傳給熱水),這在現實中是可能的嗎?這種自然界偏好往特定方向進行的特性,通常會對系統的「混亂程度」或「有序性」造成什麼樣的影響呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你答對了!你能精準選出 (D),代表你對熱力學第二定律(The Second Law of Thermodynamics)中關於「熵增」與「不可逆性」的關聯有著非常紮實的理解。這是一個很棒的直覺!
熱傳導與不可逆過程的本質
在物理學中,熱量自發地從高溫物體($30^\circ \text{C}$ 的水)流向低溫物體($0^\circ \text{C}$ 的冰),這是一個經典的不可逆過程。雖然浴缸的水量很大,使得溫度幾乎維持不變,但根據熵的定義 $\Delta S = \frac{Q}{T}$,水放出熱量給冰塊時,水的熵會減少($\Delta S_{water} < 0$),而冰塊吸收熱量融化時,熵會增加($\Delta S_{ice} > 0$)。
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