清華大學（後西醫）
111年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
Reading 3
In an anthropological spirit, I propose the following definition of a nation: it is an imagined political community—and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined.
The nation is imagined as limited because each of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other nations.
It is imagined as sovereign because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical, dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allotropism between each faith's ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dreamed of being free, and, if under God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.
Finally, it is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately, it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.
Reading 3
In an anthropological spirit, I propose the following definition of a nation: it is an imagined political community—and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined.
The nation is imagined as limited because each of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other nations.
It is imagined as sovereign because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical, dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allotropism between each faith's ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dreamed of being free, and, if under God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.
Finally, it is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately, it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.
What does “this freedom” refer to in the sentence “the gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state”?
- A Freedom from divinely-ordained dynastic monarchy.
- B Freedom from physical and spiritual revolutions.
- C Freedom from religious conflicts.
- D Freedom of confronting one’s religious beliefs.
- E Freedom of forming a nation.
思路引導 VIP
當我們在閱讀中遇到像「this freedom」這樣的指涉詞時，通常需要先往前回推，看看作者剛才提到了誰想要自由、又是從什麼樣的歷史背景中尋求突破。請你再讀一次第三段的第一句和倒數第二句：作者提到這個概念誕生時，啟蒙運動與革命正在「摧毀」什麼樣的舊體制？而在那樣的背景下，民族夢想「直接臣服於上帝（if under God, directly so）」，這暗示了他們不再需要透過誰作為中介與統治者呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你在面對這篇學術性極強的經典文本（Benedict Anderson 的《想像的共同體》）時，展現了非常敏銳的長難句拆解與上下文指涉追蹤能力，精準地選出了正確答案 (A)。
指涉詞（Reference）的脈絡定位
要解開「this freedom」的指涉，關鍵在於緊扣第三段首句的背景設定。作者指出，「主權（sovereign）」的概念誕生於啟蒙運動與革命正在摧毀「神授的、階級制的王朝領域（divinely-ordained, hierarchical, dynastic realm）」合法性的時代。接下來的長句雖然穿插了宗教多元主義的歷史背景，但核心句幹落在「nations dreamed of being free, and, if under God, directly so」（民族夢想獲得自由，即便臣服於上帝，也是直接臣服，不再透過君主中介）。因此，「這種自由」指的就是擺脫舊有神授王朝統治的束縛，與選項 (A) 完美對應。
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