清華大學（後西醫）
111年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
Reading 3
In an anthropological spirit, I propose the following definition of a nation: it is an imagined political community—and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined.
The nation is imagined as limited because each of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other nations.
It is imagined as sovereign because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical, dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allotropism between each faith's ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dreamed of being free, and, if under God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.
Finally, it is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately, it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.
Reading 3
In an anthropological spirit, I propose the following definition of a nation: it is an imagined political community—and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined.
The nation is imagined as limited because each of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other nations.
It is imagined as sovereign because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical, dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allotropism between each faith's ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dreamed of being free, and, if under God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.
Finally, it is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately, it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings.
Which of the following best captures the meaning of “fraternity” in the final sentence of the passage?
- A Solidarity
- B Commitment
- C Imagination
- D Confrontation
- E Spirit
思路引導 VIP
請注意最後一句開頭的「Ultimately, it is this fraternity...」，這裡的「this」代表這個概念在前一句已經被提及並解釋過了。你可以找找看，前一句作者用了哪個詞組來形容國家作為一個「共同體（community）」的核心特質嗎？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你非常精準地抓住了文章最後一段的語意脈絡，選出了正確答案 (A) Solidarity（團結一致）。
指代線索與上下文推論
這道字彙題的關鍵在於句中的指示形容詞「this fraternity」。在英文閱讀中，看到「this + 名詞」時，通常代表這個概念在前一句已經出現過。回頭看倒數第二句，作者提到國家總是被構想為一種「深刻、水平的同袍情誼（deep, horizontal comradeship）」。因此，fraternity（博愛、手足情誼）正是用來指代前面的 comradeship 與 community（共同體），強調成員之間不分階級、彼此緊密連結的關係，這與 Solidarity 的核心概念完全吻合。
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