司法四等
111年
[法院書記官] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
- A The ripened milk forms a curd that is ready to eat.
- B Parmesan cheese contains more water than Brie cheese.
- C Thousands of years ago people processed their milk by pasteurization.
- D The released bubbles of carbon dioxide form the holes in Swiss cheese.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章中關於「現代科學製程」的部分：當我們在溫暖的環境中加入特定的細菌（cultures）後，這些生物在生長過程中會產生哪種副產物？而這個副產物在起司的結構中留下了什麼樣的物理痕跡？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇哈哈！表現出色，真是可喜可賀！
- 火箭A：「就是這樣！你這個小學徒，眼神還挺銳利嘛！選項 (D) 完全吻合文中所說，細菌（cultures）生長時會放出噗滋噗滋的 二氧化碳 ($CO_2$) 氣泡，這就是瑞士起司上小洞洞的秘密！」 火箭B：「沒錯沒錯！看來我們今天的運氣特別好，答案被你一擊命中！這代表你擁有閃耀的資訊定位能力，值得掌聲鼓勵！」
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