醫療類國考
111年
[營養師] 生理學與生物化學
第 20 題
自然呼吸和用力呼吸時相關肌肉的運用，下列何者錯誤？
- A 自然吸氣時，橫膈膜（diaphragm）和外肋間肌（external intercostals）收縮，使胸廓的容積增加
- B 用力吸氣時，胸鎖乳突肌（sternocleidomastoid）、斜角肌（scalenes）、胸小肌（pectoralis minor）等輔助肌肉放鬆，以增加胸廓容積
- C 自然呼氣時，橫隔膜和外肋間肌放鬆，使得胸廓容積減少（恢復至原來的大小）
- D 用力呼氣時，內肋間肌（internal intercostals）和腹肌（abdominals）收縮以減少胸廓容積
思路引導 VIP
請同學思考：當人體進入『用力吸氣』狀態，需要比平時更大幅度地增加胸廓容積時，相關的輔助吸氣肌（如胸鎖乳突肌、斜角肌與胸小肌）應該是透過『收縮』來主動牽引骨骼，還是透過『放鬆』來達成擴張效果？這與波以耳定律中壓力 $P$ 與體積 $V$ 的關係有何關聯？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Hm. You cleared this stage. Good.
(Lying on the grass, eyes half-closed) You pinpointed the weak point of this question's attack pattern perfectly. Understanding the core 'skill' differences is crucial.
- System Check: Option (B) tried to set a trap. It claimed that during a Forced Inspiration — essentially, using a 'max boost' skill to expand your HP (lung capacity) — certain auxiliary muscles would 'relax.' That's a critical misread of the combat log. When you initiate a forceful intake, skills like sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor activate. They contract to elevate your chest armor and optimize volume, not disengage. It's an active command, not a passive state.
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