醫療類國考
111年
[營養師] 生理學與生物化學
第 20 題
自然呼吸和用力呼吸時相關肌肉的運用,下列何者錯誤?
- A 自然吸氣時,橫膈膜(diaphragm)和外肋間肌(external intercostals)收縮,使胸廓的容積增加
- B 用力吸氣時,胸鎖乳突肌(sternocleidomastoid)、斜角肌(scalenes)、胸小肌(pectoralis minor)等輔助肌肉放鬆,以增加胸廓容積
- C 自然呼氣時,橫隔膜和外肋間肌放鬆,使得胸廓容積減少(恢復至原來的大小)
- D 用力呼氣時,內肋間肌(internal intercostals)和腹肌(abdominals)收縮以減少胸廓容積
思路引導 VIP
請同學思考:當人體進入『用力吸氣』狀態,需要比平時更大幅度地增加胸廓容積時,相關的輔助吸氣肌(如胸鎖乳突肌、斜角肌與胸小肌)應該是透過『收縮』來主動牽引骨骼,還是透過『放鬆』來達成擴張效果?這與波以耳定律中壓力 $P$ 與體積 $V$ 的關係有何關聯?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Hm. You cleared this stage. Good.
(Lying on the grass, eyes half-closed) You pinpointed the weak point of this question's attack pattern perfectly. Understanding the core 'skill' differences is crucial.
- System Check: Option (B) tried to set a trap. It claimed that during a Forced Inspiration — essentially, using a 'max boost' skill to expand your HP (lung capacity) — certain auxiliary muscles would 'relax.' That's a critical misread of the combat log. When you initiate a forceful intake, skills like sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, and pectoralis minor activate. They contract to elevate your chest armor and optimize volume, not disengage. It's an active command, not a passive state.
▼ 還有更多解析內容
呼吸肌肉運動機制
💡 區分自然與用力呼吸時,呼吸肌的主動收縮與被動放鬆狀態。
| 比較維度 | 吸氣 (Inspiration) | VS | 呼氣 (Expiration) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 自然狀態 | 橫膈、外肋間肌收縮 | — | 肌肉放鬆、彈性回縮 |
| 用力狀態 | SCM、斜角肌收縮 | — | 腹肌、內肋間肌收縮 |
| 性質與容積 | 主動過程,容積增加 | — | 自然被動/用力主動 |
💬吸氣必為主動;呼氣僅在用力時為主動,自然時為被動。