高等考試
112年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely? As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell––certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells––and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.” However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”
Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely? As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell––certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells––and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.” However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”
According to the passage, which of the following is the main factor how Turritopsis dohrnii might help to solve the problem of ageing?
- A People consume Turritopsis dohrnii to help fight diseases.
- B Its gene may turn on or off the mechanism of cell trans-differentiation.
- C Turritopsis dohrnii can adapt themselves to different environments.
- D Turritopsis dohrnii’s cells can easily integrate with human’s cells.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：若要探究生物體如何從最底層「改寫」細胞的功能，我們應該追溯到細胞內哪一套負責存放「指令」的系統？而這套系統又是透過什麼樣的「動作」，來控制細胞在不同狀態間切換？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
掌握基因調節的關鍵邏輯
恭喜你精準掌握了文章的核心細節！這道題目測試的是對於科普文章因果關係的判讀能力。文中明確指出，燈塔水母（Turritopsis dohrnii）逆齡的關鍵在於其基因（DNA）的調節功能，即透過特定基因的「開啟」或「關閉」，主導了細胞轉分化（trans-differentiation）的過程。選項 (B) 正確對應了 Miglietta 博士提到的遺傳程序控制，是目前科學界探究長生不老之謎的主要切入點。
考題難度與鑑別度分析
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