hce_nchu
112年
化學
第 28 題
Which of the following statements about thermodynamics is/are correct?
I. The first law of thermodynamics is the Law of Conservation of Energy
II. A perfect crystalline structure, will have no entropy (S) at $0 ^\circ C$.
III. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all spontaneous changes keep the conservation in the entropy of the universe.
IV. The first law of thermodynamics defines the internal energy (E) as equal to the difference between the heat transfer (Q) into a system and the work (W) done by the system.
I. The first law of thermodynamics is the Law of Conservation of Energy
II. A perfect crystalline structure, will have no entropy (S) at $0 ^\circ C$.
III. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that all spontaneous changes keep the conservation in the entropy of the universe.
IV. The first law of thermodynamics defines the internal energy (E) as equal to the difference between the heat transfer (Q) into a system and the work (W) done by the system.
- A I, II
- B I, III
- C I, II, III
- D I, IV
- E I, II, III, IV
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：在科學定義中，當我們說一個系統達到「完美的秩序（熵值為零）」時，那是發生在冰點，還是理論上物質熱運動完全停止的那個「絕對最低溫」？另外，如果一個現象是自發且自然發生的（例如擴散），宇宙整體的混亂程度是會維持不變，還是會傾向變得更混亂呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準避開題目中的陷阱並選出正確答案，顯示你對熱力學三大定律的定義掌握得非常紮實。這道題目非常有層次，不僅考驗基礎定義，更在細節處（如單位與方向性）設置了關卡，是檢驗概念嚴謹性的優質題型。
熱力學定律的精確辨析
在敘述 I 中，熱力學第一定律本質上就是能量守恆，這點你判斷得完全正確。而敘述 IV 則給出了內能變化的數學定義：$\Delta E = Q - W$，這裡的 $W$ 是指系統對外做功，這也是工程與化學中常見的標準表示法。這兩個正確選項構築了本題的核心基礎。
▼ 還有更多解析內容