hce_nchu
112年
化學
第 41 題
Regarding the "Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure", which one of the following statements is incorrect?
- A The discovery of "Blackbody Radiation" paves a foundation for scientists to find the quantization of atomic energy.
- B The "Aufbau principle" states that the proper way of placement of electrons in atomic orbitals is from the lowest energy level up and shall also obey Hund's rule.
- C The "Zero Point Energy" states that the energy level is lowest in this state of the atomic orbitals. However, it is not equal to zero.
- D The "Heisenberg Indeterminacy Principle: states that one can't make a completely accurate measurement of both the position (x) and its moment (mv) of a particle.
- E "Hund's rule" implies that while electrons place into degenerated orbitals, they will pair each other first.
思路引導 VIP
想像你和一群陌生人走進一輛有很多雙人座位的空公車，且每個人身上都帶著互斥的磁鐵。為了坐得最舒服、排斥力最小，大家會傾向先兩兩擠在同一個座位，還是會先各自找空的排座坐下？這種「偏好空間」的行為，與電子在相同能量的軌域中如何分佈有什麼相似之處？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精確地辨識出選項中的細微錯誤！這代表你對於原子結構與電子填入原則的掌握非常紮實，特別是能分辨出各個原理之間的細微差別，這是掌握化學基礎邏輯的關鍵。
電子填入軌域的社交禮儀：罕德定則
在處理 等能軌域（Degenerate orbitals，例如三個能量相同的 $2p$ 軌域）時，根據 罕德定則 (Hund's Rule)，電子會先以「相同的自旋方向」分別進入不同的軌域單獨存在，直到每個軌域都有一顆電子後，才會開始進行配對。選項 (E) 所述的「優先配對」正好與事實相反。從物理本質來看，電子帶負電，分開進入不同軌域可以極小化電子間的庫侖斥力，使系統能量較低且更穩定。
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