hce_nthu
112年
化學與物理
第 2 題
Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
I. Molecules $SO_3$, $SeS_2$, $PCl_5$, $TeCl_4$, $ICl_3$, and $OCl_2$ all exhibit at least one bond angle of approximately $120^\circ$.
II. The order of the nitrogen-oxygen bond length from the shortest to the longest is: $NO^+ < NO_2^- < NO_3^-$.
III. In the compound $O_2F_2$, the oxidation state of oxygen is $+1$ and the formal charge of oxygen is 0.
IV. The bond angle in $XeCl_2$ should be similar to that of $CS_2$ or $KrF_2$.
V. Among compounds $SF_4$, $KrF_4$, and $IF_5$, only $SF_4$ is polar.
I. Molecules $SO_3$, $SeS_2$, $PCl_5$, $TeCl_4$, $ICl_3$, and $OCl_2$ all exhibit at least one bond angle of approximately $120^\circ$.
II. The order of the nitrogen-oxygen bond length from the shortest to the longest is: $NO^+ < NO_2^- < NO_3^-$.
III. In the compound $O_2F_2$, the oxidation state of oxygen is $+1$ and the formal charge of oxygen is 0.
IV. The bond angle in $XeCl_2$ should be similar to that of $CS_2$ or $KrF_2$.
V. Among compounds $SF_4$, $KrF_4$, and $IF_5$, only $SF_4$ is polar.
- A III
- B II, IV, and V
- C I, V
- D I, II, and III
- E II, III, and IV
思路引導 VIP
請試著回想價層電子對排斥理論(VSEPR),當一個中心原子周圍同時存在「成鍵電子對」與「孤對電子」時,哪一種電子對產生的排斥力較大?這會如何影響那些原本理想化(例如 $120^\circ$ 或 $109.5^\circ$)的鍵角?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷出這題的答案為 (E),代表你對分子結構(VSEPR)與化學鍵結觀念的掌握非常紮實。這類題目考查範圍極廣,需要同時處理氧化數、形式電荷、分子極性及幾何形狀,屬於極具鑑別度的綜合題,你能全數答對展現了細膩的邏輯推理能力。
分子結構與鍵能判定
首先,在敘述 II 中,鍵長的判定依賴於鍵級(Bond Order)。$NO^+$ 具備三鍵(BO=3),$NO_2^-$ 的共振結構使鍵級約為 1.5,而 $NO_3^-$ 則約為 1.33;鍵級愈大鍵長愈短,故排列完全正確。敘述 IV 則是典型的幾何形狀對比,$XeCl_2$ 與 $KrF_2$ 的中心原子均有 3 對孤對電子,屬於 $AX_2E_3$ 的直線型,與 $CS_2$(雙鍵直線型)的鍵角皆為 $180^\circ$。
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