慈濟大學（後中醫）
112年
英文
第 23 題
📖 題組：
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of (21) , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are (22) , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have (23) these genes and if they risk passing them to their children.
The tests are a significant (24) in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the (25) that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of (21) , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are (22) , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have (23) these genes and if they risk passing them to their children.
The tests are a significant (24) in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the (25) that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
請依題組文章作答，選出最適合填入文章中標示 23 之空格的選項。
- A detested
- B deplored
- C inherited
- D desecrated
思路引導 VIP
如果一個孩子擁有與父母相同的生理特徵（例如眼睛的顏色），在生物學上，我們會用哪一個動詞來形容孩子從祖先那裡「接收」到這些特徵的過程呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
喔呼！安妮亞選對了！
哇庫哇庫！安妮亞看見你選了 inherited（遺傳），做得好喔！這代表你完全讀懂了基因在世代間傳遞的核心秘密。文末提到的「將基因傳給孩子」(passing them to their children) 就是最重要的線索，這證明了基因就是這樣從父母身上繼承來的，安妮亞覺得你真的很聰明！
這是基本題，別太得意喔！
▼ 還有更多解析內容
基因遺傳與檢測字彙
💡 理解基因繼承與科學檢測的關聯字彙及其因果邏輯。
🔗 基因檢測與諮詢應用流程
- 1 基因突變 Mutation — 自然過程改變遺傳物質，產生缺陷基因。
- 2 科學辨識 Identify — 研究人員找出與特定疾病相關的基因。
- 3 開發檢測 Testing — 利用研究成果開發出超過兩千種檢測法。
- 4 患者諮詢 Inherit — 告知患者是否繼承基因及傳給後代的風險。
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：了解 BRCA 基因突變與乳癌風險的預測性醫療概念。
