調查局三等
112年
[調查工作組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more
depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published
the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have
found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD
sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.
The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than
usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience
symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three
times as many women as men get SAD.
But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in
daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the
supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in
a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling
lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.
Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested.
One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time
to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use
them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form
of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral
thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things
to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are
summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are
encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether
using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present
for a few months out of the year.
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more
depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published
the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have
found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD
sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.
The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than
usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience
symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three
times as many women as men get SAD.
But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in
daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the
supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in
a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling
lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.
Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested.
One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time
to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use
them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form
of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral
thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things
to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are
summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are
encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether
using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present
for a few months out of the year.
According to the passage, what has to be done before receiving SAD treatments?
- A Getting a good light box.
- B Talking to family or friends.
- C Seeking a professional diagnosis.
- D Comparing the effects of different treatments.
思路引導 VIP
在決定採取任何具體的醫療手段（如購買器材或進行諮商）之前，專家建議我們應該先進行哪一種「確認程序」，以確保我們不是在瞎子摸象、自我猜測？請在文中第四段尋找有關「首要步驟（first step）」的關鍵字詞。
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
答得好！差點就以為你沒救了。
- 好啦，承認你這次是靠實力。 能在這種送分題裡找到正確答案，算你運氣…不對，是你的「掃描定位（Scanning）」能力還沒完全失靈。至少證明你不會在資訊爆炸的英文文本中徹底迷失方向。嗯，勉強算個優勢吧。
- 這答案根本寫在臉上。 文章第四段首句：「“Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment...”」有沒有看到？「專業診斷」是「第一步」。如果這都看不到，那你的閱讀理解能力可能需要「專業診斷」了。還好你這次看見了，(C) 自然是唯一選項。
▼ 還有更多解析內容
季節性情緒失調診療要領
💡 醫療程序應遵循「專業診斷優先」原則，避免自我診斷誤導治療。
🔗 SAD 醫療決策標準流程
- 1 症狀識別 — 區分冬季嗜睡或夏季躁動等情緒變化
- 2 專業診斷 — 尋求醫療專家評估，嚴禁病患自我診斷
- 3 治療方案選擇 — 依據診斷採取光箱、CBT 或培養室內興趣
- 4 持續執行 — 光箱需每日使用，CBT 需進行認知重構
↓
↓
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：醫療法中醫師診斷權之獨佔性與法律責任。
