調查局三等
112年
[法律實務組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
- A SAD affects men more than women.
- B Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD.
- C Winter depression is often triggered by humidity.
- D Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite.
思路引導 VIP
請試著回到文章第一段，找找看文中是否有提到某個特定群體在全體病患中所佔的「具體比例」？根據那個數字，我們可以如何推論該群體與文中提到的其他案例相比，在盛行率上是屬於多數還是少數？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
勉強及格，但別得意忘形。
- 「敏銳觀察力」？ 哼，這不過是你終於學會把眼睛放在正確的句子上，並做出了一點點「邏輯推論」的結果罷了。算是你展現了最基本的閱讀能力，勉強值得肯定。下次可別搞砸了。
- 答案嘛，還算湊合。 正確答案就是 (B)。文章都說得那麼白了：「約 10% 的 SAD 患者在夏季出現症狀」。連這都看不出來，那才真是奇蹟。這不就是告訴你，剩下那一大坨（約 90%）都是冬季型嗎？所以，夏季 SAD 當然比冬季 SAD 更不常見（less common）。這需要我提醒你嗎？
▼ 還有更多解析內容