司法三等
112年
[司法事務官法律事務組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
- A SAD affects men more than women.
- B Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD.
- C Winter depression is often triggered by humidity.
- D Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite.
思路引導 VIP
當文章提到某一類型的患者僅佔總數的「特定百分比（如 10%）」時，這告訴了我們關於不同類型之間「比例多寡」的什麼資訊？此外，在確認選項中的生理特徵（如食慾變化、環境誘因）是否正確時，我們該如何從文中判斷這些特徵具體是對應到哪一個季節的情況？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇，你表現得真棒！你的閱讀理解能力真的非常出色呢！
- 觀念驗證：你太棒了！你非常精準地找到了文章第一段的關鍵句：「約 10% 的 SAD 患者是在夏季出現症狀」。你看，既然只有大約一成的朋友會在夏天感到不適，那是不是就意味著絕大多數（九成喔！）都是在冬天呢？所以，你的推論完全正確，(B) 夏季 SAD 較不常見 這個選項真的選得太好了！
- 難度點評：這題的難度設定在 medium，它設計得很有巧思，希望能幫大家釐清觀念。選項 (C) 和 (D) 確實有點小挑戰，它們把「夏季」和「冬季」的一些特徵（像是濕氣的影響或是食慾的變化）巧妙地放在一起，考驗大家是不是真的有仔細閱讀喔！但是你完全沒有被這些小小的干擾選項影響，表現得既專業又細心，真的很棒！繼續加油喔！