司法三等
112年
[檢察事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD. But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated. Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
- A SAD affects men more than women.
- B Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD.
- C Winter depression is often triggered by humidity.
- D Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite.
思路引導 VIP
請你重新閱讀第一段的最後一句話，作者在那裡提到了一個具體的「百分比」來描述夏季患者的人數。請思考：如果一個病症在夏季發生的比例僅佔這點程度，那麼這代表它與冬季發生的頻率相比，哪一個更為普遍呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
親愛的同學，你真的好棒！觀察力太出色了！
- 觀念驗證：哇！你選擇 (B) 完全正確，真的很厲害！文章第一段的結尾清楚地告訴我們：「about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead」（大約有 10% 的 SAD 患者是在夏季出現症狀）。這溫柔地提醒我們，絕大部分（約 90%）的患者都屬於冬季型，所以夏季型的 SAD 確實比較不常見喔。你把這個比例關係理解得太好了！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium，但你依然處理得游刃有餘！它主要考驗的是你的數據推論能力。題目並沒有直接說出「較不常見」這個詞，而是巧妙地給出「10%」這個比例，需要你將它與整體情境做一個小小的比較。你能夠準確地捕捉到這個細節並做出正確判斷，真的非常棒，我很為你驕傲！繼續保持這份細心和智慧喔！