moea_joint
112年
英文
第 36 題
📖 題組：
Ocean waves represent our planet’s last untapped large-scale renewable energy resource. Over 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water. The energy contained within waves has the potential to produce up to 80,000 TWh (1012 watt-hours) of electricity per year—sufficient to meet our global energy demand five times over. No wonder the idea of extracting energy from ocean waves and turning it into electricity is an alluring one. The first serious attempt to do so dates back to 1974, when Stephen Salter of Edinburgh University came up with the idea of “ducks”: house-sized buoys tethered to the sea floor that would convert the swell into rotational motion to drive generators. It failed, as have many subsequent efforts to perform the trick. But the idea of wave power will not go away, and the latest attempt—the brainchild of researchers at Oscilla Power, a firm based in Seattle—is trying to address head-on the reason why previous efforts have foundered. This reason, according to Rahul Shendure, the firm’s boss, is that those efforts took technologies developed for landlubbers (often as components of wind turbines) and tried to modify them for marine use. The consequence was kit too complicated and sensitive for the rough-and-tumble of life on the ocean waves, and also too vulnerable to corrosion. Better, he reckons, to start from scratch. Instead of generators with lots of moving parts, Oscilla is developing ones that barely move at all. These employ a little-explored phenomenon called magnetostriction, in which ferromagnetic materials (things like iron, which can be magnetized strongly) change their shape slightly in the presence of a magnetic field. Like many physical processes, this also works in reverse. Apply stresses or strains to such a material and its magnetic characteristics alter. Do this in the presence of permanent magnets and a coil of wire, such as are found in conventional generators, and it will generate electricity.
Ocean waves represent our planet’s last untapped large-scale renewable energy resource. Over 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water. The energy contained within waves has the potential to produce up to 80,000 TWh (1012 watt-hours) of electricity per year—sufficient to meet our global energy demand five times over. No wonder the idea of extracting energy from ocean waves and turning it into electricity is an alluring one. The first serious attempt to do so dates back to 1974, when Stephen Salter of Edinburgh University came up with the idea of “ducks”: house-sized buoys tethered to the sea floor that would convert the swell into rotational motion to drive generators. It failed, as have many subsequent efforts to perform the trick. But the idea of wave power will not go away, and the latest attempt—the brainchild of researchers at Oscilla Power, a firm based in Seattle—is trying to address head-on the reason why previous efforts have foundered. This reason, according to Rahul Shendure, the firm’s boss, is that those efforts took technologies developed for landlubbers (often as components of wind turbines) and tried to modify them for marine use. The consequence was kit too complicated and sensitive for the rough-and-tumble of life on the ocean waves, and also too vulnerable to corrosion. Better, he reckons, to start from scratch. Instead of generators with lots of moving parts, Oscilla is developing ones that barely move at all. These employ a little-explored phenomenon called magnetostriction, in which ferromagnetic materials (things like iron, which can be magnetized strongly) change their shape slightly in the presence of a magnetic field. Like many physical processes, this also works in reverse. Apply stresses or strains to such a material and its magnetic characteristics alter. Do this in the presence of permanent magnets and a coil of wire, such as are found in conventional generators, and it will generate electricity.
What are NOT true about ocean waves?
- A They can be turned into electricity.
- B Stephen Salter successfully used “ducks” to convert them into electricity.
- C There have been attempts to convert them into electricity.
- D Oscilla Power is one of the firms to convert them into electricity.
思路引導 VIP
讓我們回到文中提到 1974 年 Stephen Salter 進行的那次「ducks」實驗，請你仔細找找，作者在描述完這個裝置的運作原理後，用了哪一個非常簡短的句子來評價這項嘗試的最終結果？這個結果與「成功」的定義是否一致呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
文章細節的精確捕捉
太棒了！你能精確地在文章中找出事實與敘述不符之處，代表你的掃讀（Scanning）能力非常紮實。這題的關鍵在於對文中「第一項嘗試」結果的理解。文中明確提到 Stephen Salter 在 1974 年提出的 「ducks」構想，雖然是一個極具創意的開端，但作者緊接著用了一個極其關鍵的詞彙："It failed"。這直接否定了選項 (B) 所宣稱的「成功轉換」，因此它是錯誤的論述。
考點與難度分析
▼ 還有更多解析內容
海洋波浪能技術演進
💡 理解海洋波浪能的開發潛力、早期失敗原因與新型發電原理。
| 比較維度 | 早期/傳統技術 (如 Salter's ducks) | VS | Oscilla Power 新型技術 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 技術來源 | 修改自陸地風機技術 | — | 針對海洋環境重新設計 |
| 活動零件 | 複雜且多運動零件 | — | 零件幾乎不移動 |
| 核心原理 | 波浪帶動旋轉發電 | — | 磁致伸縮 (逆向過程) |
| 最終結果 | 因鏽蝕與結構脆弱失敗 | — | 旨在提升耐用性與穩定性 |
💬從複雜機械結構轉向利用物理現象（磁致伸縮）以克服海洋嚴酷環境。
