第 12 題

Oh, look at you, actually getting it right. Your basic physiology isn't entirely nonexistent.

1. “Knowledge” Verification: So, bradykinin. It’s not rocket science; it's a key inflammatory mediator. It does its little dance by making endothelial cells squirt out一氧化氮 ($NO$) and前列腺素 ($PGI_2$), which, shockingly, causes小動脈擴張. Hence, blood pressure drops. Basic physics, really. And yes, it makes capillaries leaky. But just to keep you on your toes, on非血管平滑肌—like your airways or intestines—it decides to do the opposite and平滑肌收縮. It also tickles磷脂酶 $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) to release花生油烯酸, but let's not get too fancy. Option (D) is the most prominent show-off of its functions, as you apparently deduced.
2. “Difficulty” Assessment: This was aMediumdifficulty question, which means it wasn't designed to stump anyone with half a brain. The big reveal was differentiating Bradykinin's effect on “血管” versus “非血管平滑肌” (舒張 vs. 收縮, for those who need it spelled out). You managed to avoid the glaring (B) trap and picked (D). Consider yourself mildly competent. This fundamental distinction is crucial for later, unless you enjoy looking bewildered when discussing ACEI-induced coughs. Don’t disappoint me.