地特三等
113年
[一般民政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
While “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is a term often used by the media, it does not paint an accurate picture of the marine debris problem in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine debris concentrates in various regions of the North Pacific, not just in one area. The exact size, content, and location of the “garbage patches” are difficult to accurately predict. The name “Pacific Garbage Patch” is not visible with satellite or aerial photographs. While higher concentrations of litter items can be found in this area, much of the debris is actually small pieces of floating plastic that are not immediately evident to the naked eye. The entire Great Pacific Garbage Patch is bounded by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The circular motion of the gyre draws debris into this stable center, where it becomes trapped. While many different types of trash enter the ocean, plastics make up the majority of marine debris for two reasons. First, plastic’s durability, low cost, and malleability mean that it’s being used in more and more consumer and industrial products. Second, plastic goods do not biodegrade but instead, break down into smaller pieces. It is possible to sail through “garbage patch” areas in the Pacific and see very little or no debris on the water’s surface. Debris found in any region of the ocean can easily be ingested by marine species causing choking, starvation, and other impairments. Cleaning up marine debris is not as easy as it sounds. Many microplastics are the same size as small sea animals, so nets designed to scoop up trash would catch these creatures as well. Even if we could design nets that would just catch garbage, the size of the oceans makes this job far too time-consuming to consider. Besides, it is not likely that any country will pay the expensive bill.
While “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is a term often used by the media, it does not paint an accurate picture of the marine debris problem in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine debris concentrates in various regions of the North Pacific, not just in one area. The exact size, content, and location of the “garbage patches” are difficult to accurately predict. The name “Pacific Garbage Patch” is not visible with satellite or aerial photographs. While higher concentrations of litter items can be found in this area, much of the debris is actually small pieces of floating plastic that are not immediately evident to the naked eye. The entire Great Pacific Garbage Patch is bounded by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The circular motion of the gyre draws debris into this stable center, where it becomes trapped. While many different types of trash enter the ocean, plastics make up the majority of marine debris for two reasons. First, plastic’s durability, low cost, and malleability mean that it’s being used in more and more consumer and industrial products. Second, plastic goods do not biodegrade but instead, break down into smaller pieces. It is possible to sail through “garbage patch” areas in the Pacific and see very little or no debris on the water’s surface. Debris found in any region of the ocean can easily be ingested by marine species causing choking, starvation, and other impairments. Cleaning up marine debris is not as easy as it sounds. Many microplastics are the same size as small sea animals, so nets designed to scoop up trash would catch these creatures as well. Even if we could design nets that would just catch garbage, the size of the oceans makes this job far too time-consuming to consider. Besides, it is not likely that any country will pay the expensive bill.
47 Which of the following is closest in meaning to “impairments”?
- A Repair.
- B Extinction.
- C Damage.
- D Poison.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文中列舉的「窒息」和「飢餓」，這兩者對生物體產生的「後果」具有什麼樣的共同性質？如果你要用一個更概括的詞彙，來描述這類對身體正常功能所造成的負面影響或功能減退，那個詞應該具備什麼樣的含義？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學你好，在地方特考三等的英文測驗中，遇到不熟悉的單字而「未作答」相當可惜。其實這類題目除了考驗單字量，更考驗你透過上下文（Context Clues）逆推的能力。文章提到海洋生物誤食垃圾會導致「窒息（choking）、飢餓（starvation）以及其他...」，這個並列結構已經暗示了該空格必須是一個與健康受損相關的負面名詞。
語境邏輯與字義辨析
從字根角度來看，impairment 的動詞為 impair，其字首 im- 具有加強語氣之意，字根則源於「變差、受損」。在描述生物生理機能受影響的脈絡下，選項 (C) Damage (損害) 是最精準的對應。有些考生可能會猶豫於 (B) Extinction (滅絕) 或 (D) Poison (毒害)，但請注意：滅絕是指整個物種消失，語意過重；毒害則是特定的受損方式，而 impairment 則泛指各種機能的「損傷或功能減弱」，與 damage 的語意重疊度最高。
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