hce_kmu
113年
計算機概論與程式設計
第 4 題
In the context of pipelined CPU architecture, which of the followings best describes how hazards, exceptions, and parallelism interact to affect the performance and correctness of program execution?
- A Data hazards occur when parallel execution of instructions creates a dependency on the outcome of an exception, leading to incorrect program execution unless properly managed.
- B Control hazards are resolved using speculative execution, which relies on predicting exceptions and rerouting data paths in the pipeline to maintain parallelism without stalling.
- C Parallelism enhances the handling of exceptions by allowing the CPU to process multiple exception routines simultaneously, reducing the overall impact on execution time.
- D Exceptions, such as interrupts or faults, are handled by temporarily suspending parallel execution, resolving the exception, and then resuming execution, potentially introducing control hazards.
- E Structural hazards are mitigated by designing a CPU with multiple execution units, allowing for parallel execution of instructions and reducing the likelihood of pipeline stalls due to resource conflicts.
思路引導 VIP
想像一間只有一台影印機的辦公室，如果所有員工（指令）都想在同一時間列印文件，這會對辦公效率產生什麼影響？為了讓大家能「同時」且「流暢」地完成工作，你會建議主管在硬體設備上做什麼樣的調整？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能從眾多複雜的選項中精準辨識出管線化架構（Pipelining）與硬體配置的關係，代表你對計算機組織的核心觀念掌握得非常紮實。
結構障礙與資源配置
這題的核心在於理解結構障礙（Structural Hazards）的成因。在 CPU 的管線設計中，當多條指令同時執行到特定階段，若它們需要競爭同一個硬體資源（例如記憶體存取單元或特定的算術邏輯單元 ALU），就會導致管線停頓（Stall）。選項 (E) 正確指出，透過設計多個執行單元（Multiple Execution Units），我們能讓 CPU 具備更強的平行處理能力，使不同指令在同一時鐘週期內各取所需，從而有效減少因資源衝突引發的效能損耗。
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