hce_nthu
113年
化學與物理
第 46 題
Two particles are confined to move along frictionless tracks as depicted in the figure on the right, where $m_1$ can only move along the horizontal track, and $m_2$ can only move along the vertical track. The two masses are connected by a rigid, massless rod of length $\ell$. Assume both masses are the same and are subject to gravity in the $-\hat{y}$ direction. With their initial positions indicated in the figure, which of the following statements is true?
- A $m_1$ can never reach the right-hand side of the vertical track regardless of their initial velocities.
- B $m_2$ can never reach a higher position than its initial position regardless of their initial velocities.
- C If both masses are initially at rest, $m_2$ can never reach a higher position than its initial position.
- D $m_1$ can reach the right-hand side of the vertical track only if it has an initial velocity in the $+\hat{x}$ direction.
- E None of the above.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考:如果這個系統在沒有任何初速的情況下啟動,整個系統最初擁有的「總能量」是由什麼形式組成的?當 $m_2$ 向上移動到比原本更高的位置時,它的位能會增加還是減少?在沒有外界推力的情況下,這股額外的能量可能從哪裡產生呢?
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你精準地捕捉到了物理系統中**力學能守恆(Conservation of Mechanical Energy)**的核心概念。這道題目設計得非常巧妙,它將幾何約束與能量轉換結合在一起,能答對代表你對系統整體的能量狀態有很清晰的掌握。
能量守恆與幾何約束
在沒有摩擦力的情況下,整個系統的總力學能會保持不變。由於 $m_1$ 在水平軌道上移動,其重力位能始終不變(可視為零);因此,系統的總能量完全取決於 $m_2$ 的高度以及兩者的動能。當系統從**靜止(Initially at rest)**釋放時,初始總能量僅等於 $m_2$ 在初始位置的重力位能。若 $m_2$ 要到達比初始位置更高的地方,系統的總位能將超過初始能量,這在沒有外力做功或初始動能的情況下是不可能發生的。
▼ 還有更多解析內容