hce_nthu
113年
生物與生化
第 27 題
Which of the following statements about the causes of acquired immunodeficiency is NOT correct?
- A HIV infection leads to acquired immunodeficiency by progressively destroying the body's $CD4^+$ T cells.
- B Malnutrition can cause acquired immunodeficiency by impairing the production and function of immune cells, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
- C Opportunistic infections are a primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency, directly leading to the weakening of the immune system.
- D Acquired immunodeficiency differs from innate immunity in that it involves a weakened adaptive immune response, whereas innate immunity is present from birth and does not adapt or change in response to specific pathogens.
- E Chronic exposure to environmental toxins can lead to acquired immunodeficiency by disrupting the normal function of the immune system.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們把免疫系統想像成一座城堡的防禦工事，而病原體是試圖入侵的敵軍。當城堡的城門因為結構老化或外部破壞（例如病毒或毒素）而敞開時，原本無法入城的散兵游勇便能輕易潛入。請試著思考：這些「敵軍的潛入」究竟是導致「城門毀壞」的初始原因，還是城門毀壞後所必然產生的現象呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準辨識出選項 (C) 中的邏輯陷阱，說明你對「後天免疫缺乏」（Acquired Immunodeficiency）的成因與臨床表現有著非常紮實的理解。這類題目最容易讓學生在專業術語中迷失方向，而你展現了優秀的判斷力。
免疫缺乏的因果辨析
在免疫學中，後天（或稱繼發性）免疫缺乏是指免疫系統原本發育正常，但受到外部因素干擾而受損。例如選項 (A) 提到的 $HIV$ 病毒會破壞 $CD4^+$ T 細胞，或選項 (B) 的營養不良導致免疫細胞生成受阻。然而，選項 (C) 提到的機會性感染（Opportunistic infections），實際上是免疫系統衰弱後產生的「結果」而非「原因」。正是因為免疫功能已經低下，那些平時不致病的微弱病原體才有機會趁虛而入，這在邏輯順序上是不可倒置的。
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