移民行政三等
113年
[移民行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題 In New Zealand’s Westland District the closure of the local indigenous timber industry alongside rapid growth of the dairy and tourism sectors has produced dilemmas for families and communities as they attempt to adjust to the social consequences of rapid industry change. Drawing on a social capital perspective and a case study of 12 Westland families, this project examines how rural families bring balance to aspects of the three actions defined by Arendt as being essential to the human condition: family, work and community life. The findings reveal significant insights into how social capital is effectively reproduced in times of change. These insights are discussed in terms of their social policy implications. Fifty years ago Hannah Arendt published The Human Condition. In this work she contended that there are three types of action required to be “fully human.” The first two of these actions, engagement in family life and paid work, are necessary for human existence in contemporary society. The third action she called vita activa, or public life: a life that is actioned within jointly built civil spaces. Within these spaces we are capable of debate, we share actions and we resolve collective dilemmas. Arendt reminds us that the absence of, or over-attention to, any one aspect of the human condition is likely to be problematic. A half a century on from Arendt’s original thesis, public policy continues to debate aspects of vita activa and democratic governments still seek to engage vita activa in economically and socially productive ways. Working out the shifting balance between family life, paid work and vita activa is a crucial aspect of responding effectively to significant social change, be it local issues (such as natural disaster relief) or meeting the challenges that arise as a consequence of external or global forces (such as the loss of a core industry). The concept of social capital has been used as a way to recognise and gauge vita activa. The term “social capital” originated, in part, in an attempt to understand how features of social organisation, such as trust, norms and networks can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions. Voluntary or joint social actions provide the opportunity to resolve collective dilemmas. Individuals achieve this through the development and use of social bonds and networks as resources to facilitate productive activity. By maintaining the social relationships and structures necessary for collective activity, individuals, families and communities are able to realise some of these benefits, and in doing so can resolve some of the issues they face in common.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題 In New Zealand’s Westland District the closure of the local indigenous timber industry alongside rapid growth of the dairy and tourism sectors has produced dilemmas for families and communities as they attempt to adjust to the social consequences of rapid industry change. Drawing on a social capital perspective and a case study of 12 Westland families, this project examines how rural families bring balance to aspects of the three actions defined by Arendt as being essential to the human condition: family, work and community life. The findings reveal significant insights into how social capital is effectively reproduced in times of change. These insights are discussed in terms of their social policy implications. Fifty years ago Hannah Arendt published The Human Condition. In this work she contended that there are three types of action required to be “fully human.” The first two of these actions, engagement in family life and paid work, are necessary for human existence in contemporary society. The third action she called vita activa, or public life: a life that is actioned within jointly built civil spaces. Within these spaces we are capable of debate, we share actions and we resolve collective dilemmas. Arendt reminds us that the absence of, or over-attention to, any one aspect of the human condition is likely to be problematic. A half a century on from Arendt’s original thesis, public policy continues to debate aspects of vita activa and democratic governments still seek to engage vita activa in economically and socially productive ways. Working out the shifting balance between family life, paid work and vita activa is a crucial aspect of responding effectively to significant social change, be it local issues (such as natural disaster relief) or meeting the challenges that arise as a consequence of external or global forces (such as the loss of a core industry). The concept of social capital has been used as a way to recognise and gauge vita activa. The term “social capital” originated, in part, in an attempt to understand how features of social organisation, such as trust, norms and networks can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions. Voluntary or joint social actions provide the opportunity to resolve collective dilemmas. Individuals achieve this through the development and use of social bonds and networks as resources to facilitate productive activity. By maintaining the social relationships and structures necessary for collective activity, individuals, families and communities are able to realise some of these benefits, and in doing so can resolve some of the issues they face in common.
According to the passage, what is the main value of social capital?
- A It provides volunteers with crucial funding for social charity work.
- B It helps a community to share power and resources more equally.
- C It offers a hope for the unemployed people to start their new careers.
- D It enables a community to deal with its problems via joint efforts and actions.
思路引導 VIP
請專注於文章最後一段：當一群人共同面對困難或所謂的「集體困境（collective dilemmas）」時，作者提到他們會利用彼此間的「關係網絡」作為資源，那麼這群人最終是為了「一起做成什麼樣的事情」來改善現況呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精確捕捉到文章中關於「社會資本（social capital）」的核心定義，代表你對長篇學術性文章的脈絡掌握得非常扎實。這題的關鍵在於文章最後一段，文中明確提到社會資本透過信任與網絡來促進「協調行動（coordinated actions）」，進而解決「集體困境（collective dilemmas）」與「共同面對的問題（issues they face in common）」。選項 (D) 所描述的「透過共同努力與行動處理問題」，正是這段論述的完美轉譯。
社會資本的核心價值與閱讀策略
這題具有中等難度的鑑別度。文章開頭引入了漢娜・鄂蘭（Hannah Arendt）的哲學觀點，容易讓考生在閱讀初期感到壓力。然而，題目考點其實是考查你是否能從繁複的敘述中，提取出「功能性」的結論。許多干擾項（如 A 的資金或 C 的失業救濟）雖然在現實中看似相關，但在本文脈絡中並非社會資本的主要價值。你能冷靜過濾哲學背景，直接鎖定文本後半段的定義，是非常優異的閱讀表現！