第 四 題
Background:
In many developed and developing countries, life expectancy is increasing while birth rates are declining. This demographic shift means a growing percentage of the population is over the age of 65, while the working-age population is shrinking. As a result, fewer workers are supporting more retirees through taxes, pensions, and healthcare systems.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments should raise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an aging population. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
思路引導 VIP
面對此類公共政策論說文，首要之務是『確立立場並構思兩大核心論點』。建議採用『同意』立場較易發揮，可從『總體經濟/財政負擔（減輕年金壓力、補充勞動力）』與『社會/個人效益（經驗傳承、身心活躍）』切入；寫作時務必遵循『前言（破題+立場）-主體（論點+舉例/讓步）-結論（重申+展望）』三段或四段式架構，並穿插高級轉折詞（Furthermore, Consequently, Nevertheless）與專業政策語彙（fiscal burden, intergenerational equity）以展現邏輯深度與語言素養。
【範文】 The unprecedented demographic shift characterized by increasing life expectancy and declining birth rates has posed severe economic challenges globally. As the ratio of retirees to working-age individuals disproportionately shifts, welfare and pension systems are strained to their breaking points. Consequently, I strongly agree that governments should raise the statutory retirement age to mitigate the fiscal impacts of an aging population. Primarily, extending the working years fundamentally alleviates the immense fiscal burden on social security and pension schemes. With fewer taxpayers subsidizing an expanding demographic of senior citizens, government reserves are rapidly depleting. By delaying retirement, individuals contribute to the tax base for a longer duration while simultaneously postponing their reliance on state pensions. Furthermore, retaining seasoned professionals in the workforce mitigates labor shortages. Older employees possess invaluable institutional knowledge and expertise that can be seamlessly transferred to the younger generation, thereby enhancing overall economic productivity.
🔗 延後退休政策之邏輯導引
- 1 人口結構變遷 — 平均壽命延長且出生率持續下降
- 2 公共財政危機 — 勞動力萎縮導致稅收減少與年金枯竭
- 3 延後退休介入 — 提高法定年齡以延長國民勞動參與
- 4 社會經濟穩定 — 緩解財政負擔並維持國家整體生產力
