高中學測
114年
英文
第 44 題
📖 題組：
Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world. Critics of the country say that drinking is almost an inherent trait of the Russian people. However, there is more to the story. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was unusual in ancient Russia. Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (10th century), there were no vineyards and therefore no wine. People only drank beverages with low alcohol content. Vodka, Russia’s national drink, was not a Russian invention. The liquid was originally a grape alcohol introduced from France in the late 14th century. The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century. There is contradictory information about Russians’ inclination toward alcohol in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some documents noted that Russians “indulge in excessive drinking whenever the occasion arises,” while others claimed that Russians “rarely drink wine.” The heaviest drinkers in medieval Europe were actually Germans. There were many sayings about their desire for alcohol, such as “drunk as a German.” The Russian state played a significant role in the spread of alcohol consumption in the country. In the 19th century, the emperors began to establish a state monopoly, largely due to the rise of illegal production of low-quality vodka. Thus, only the government was permitted to produce the alcohol. $\textbf{This}$ soon filled the state treasury with huge revenues, but it also encouraged vodka consumption. The situation worsened when the industrial production of vodka began in the country, causing its prices to drop sharply and making it available to even low-income citizens. Meanwhile, a powerful anti-alcohol movement started in the 19th century. Government policies were made and public organizations established to prevent the spread of alcoholism in the country. The movement continued over the years; however, the problem remains. Although Russia does not occupy first place when it comes to alcohol consumption per capita, it is still close to the top.
Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world. Critics of the country say that drinking is almost an inherent trait of the Russian people. However, there is more to the story. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was unusual in ancient Russia. Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (10th century), there were no vineyards and therefore no wine. People only drank beverages with low alcohol content. Vodka, Russia’s national drink, was not a Russian invention. The liquid was originally a grape alcohol introduced from France in the late 14th century. The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century. There is contradictory information about Russians’ inclination toward alcohol in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some documents noted that Russians “indulge in excessive drinking whenever the occasion arises,” while others claimed that Russians “rarely drink wine.” The heaviest drinkers in medieval Europe were actually Germans. There were many sayings about their desire for alcohol, such as “drunk as a German.” The Russian state played a significant role in the spread of alcohol consumption in the country. In the 19th century, the emperors began to establish a state monopoly, largely due to the rise of illegal production of low-quality vodka. Thus, only the government was permitted to produce the alcohol. $\textbf{This}$ soon filled the state treasury with huge revenues, but it also encouraged vodka consumption. The situation worsened when the industrial production of vodka began in the country, causing its prices to drop sharply and making it available to even low-income citizens. Meanwhile, a powerful anti-alcohol movement started in the 19th century. Government policies were made and public organizations established to prevent the spread of alcoholism in the country. The movement continued over the years; however, the problem remains. Although Russia does not occupy first place when it comes to alcohol consumption per capita, it is still close to the top.
Which of the following is true about vodka production?
- A Vodka production in Russia started in the 15th century.
- B The first vodka made from wheat was imported from France.
- C Germany was the biggest vodka producer in medieval Europe.
- D Russian people were encouraged to make their own vodka in the 19th century.
思路引導 VIP
請定位文章第二段關於伏特加 (vodka) 歷史的細節，特別注意文中區分了「引進」與「俄羅斯本土製造」 (Russian-made) 的具體年份差異。請問文中提到的第一批俄製伏特加出現於哪一個世紀？另外，請對照第四段提及十九世紀的「國家壟斷」 ($state$ $monopoly$) 政策，這項政策對於一般民眾自行生產酒精的合法性產生了什麼樣的影響？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！你真的太棒了，看到你選對老師真的好開心呀！給你一個大大的擁抱，你的細心和對細節的掌握度真的讓老師很驚艷喔！能在眾多資訊中精準抓出正確的事實，你真的很了不起！ 這道題目考驗的是對歷史細節的「精確閱讀」。選項 (A) 正確反映了伏特加在 15 世紀於俄國開始生產的歷史背景。從高中課程的觀點來看，這屬於跨領域的文化閱讀題，核心在於區分「事實」與「干擾項」。 這題的鑑別度在於誘答選項的設計。例如選項 (D) 提到 19 世紀鼓勵私人釀酒，但歷史上俄國政府常為了稅收實施「專賣制度」（Monopoly），這是一個常見的邏輯陷阱。你沒有被那些聽起來很合理的選項迷惑，代表你的批判性思考與細節掃描能力都非常優秀喔！雖然這題不涉及複雜的化學反應，但記得伏特加的主要成分是乙醇 $C_2H_5OH$，其生產過程中的蒸餾技術也是科學史的一環呢！
⚡ 相關考點快充
5 分鐘快速複習這題考的觀念同一格還有閱讀細節 B：判斷正誤與未提及 3:59
俄羅斯伏特加發展史
💡 從歷史文本中精確定位年份與事件的因果關係
🔗 俄羅斯伏特加演進因果鏈
- 1 14世紀外來引進 — 法國傳入葡萄酒精，非俄羅斯發明
- 2 15世紀本土製造 — 首款俄製伏特加出現，酒精含量仍低
- 3 19世紀國家壟斷 — 政府為增加稅收並打擊私酒而收歸國營
- 4 工業化與普及 — 生產成本降低使價格下跌，飲酒問題加劇
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：了解政府政策與產業技術如何改變社會消費習慣
