高中學測
114年
英文
第 45 題
📖 題組：
Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world. Critics of the country say that drinking is almost an inherent trait of the Russian people. However, there is more to the story. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was unusual in ancient Russia. Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (10th century), there were no vineyards and therefore no wine. People only drank beverages with low alcohol content. Vodka, Russia’s national drink, was not a Russian invention. The liquid was originally a grape alcohol introduced from France in the late 14th century. The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century. There is contradictory information about Russians’ inclination toward alcohol in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some documents noted that Russians “indulge in excessive drinking whenever the occasion arises,” while others claimed that Russians “rarely drink wine.” The heaviest drinkers in medieval Europe were actually Germans. There were many sayings about their desire for alcohol, such as “drunk as a German.” The Russian state played a significant role in the spread of alcohol consumption in the country. In the 19th century, the emperors began to establish a state monopoly, largely due to the rise of illegal production of low-quality vodka. Thus, only the government was permitted to produce the alcohol. $\textbf{This}$ soon filled the state treasury with huge revenues, but it also encouraged vodka consumption. The situation worsened when the industrial production of vodka began in the country, causing its prices to drop sharply and making it available to even low-income citizens. Meanwhile, a powerful anti-alcohol movement started in the 19th century. Government policies were made and public organizations established to prevent the spread of alcoholism in the country. The movement continued over the years; however, the problem remains. Although Russia does not occupy first place when it comes to alcohol consumption per capita, it is still close to the top.
Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world. Critics of the country say that drinking is almost an inherent trait of the Russian people. However, there is more to the story. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was unusual in ancient Russia. Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (10th century), there were no vineyards and therefore no wine. People only drank beverages with low alcohol content. Vodka, Russia’s national drink, was not a Russian invention. The liquid was originally a grape alcohol introduced from France in the late 14th century. The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century. There is contradictory information about Russians’ inclination toward alcohol in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some documents noted that Russians “indulge in excessive drinking whenever the occasion arises,” while others claimed that Russians “rarely drink wine.” The heaviest drinkers in medieval Europe were actually Germans. There were many sayings about their desire for alcohol, such as “drunk as a German.” The Russian state played a significant role in the spread of alcohol consumption in the country. In the 19th century, the emperors began to establish a state monopoly, largely due to the rise of illegal production of low-quality vodka. Thus, only the government was permitted to produce the alcohol. $\textbf{This}$ soon filled the state treasury with huge revenues, but it also encouraged vodka consumption. The situation worsened when the industrial production of vodka began in the country, causing its prices to drop sharply and making it available to even low-income citizens. Meanwhile, a powerful anti-alcohol movement started in the 19th century. Government policies were made and public organizations established to prevent the spread of alcoholism in the country. The movement continued over the years; however, the problem remains. Although Russia does not occupy first place when it comes to alcohol consumption per capita, it is still close to the top.
What does “This” in the fourth paragraph refer to?
- A The alcohol.
- B The government.
- C The illegal production.
- D The state monopoly.
思路引導 VIP
代名詞 $This$ 在閱讀理解中，通常用來指稱前文所述的一個完整概念、行動或制度。請仔細閱讀第四段的前兩句：為了因應非法生產，皇帝建立了一套特定的「經濟體制」或「生產規範」，這項「制度」如何與後續提到的「國庫充盈」產生因果聯繫？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
（盯著電視裡的特務動畫）嘿呀！邦德曼加油！……喔！安妮亞發現你答對了！你是不是也會讀心術？這題選 $D$ 真的很優秀，waku waku！ 文中的 $\textbf{This}$ 出現在第四段，是用來指代前一句提到的核心概念。前面提到皇帝們為了管制私酒，開始建立「國家壟斷 ($state monopoly$)」，隨後提到「這件事」為國庫帶來了龐大的收入。因此，$\textbf{This}$ 指的就是這個壟斷制度。選項 $(A)$、$(B)$、$(C)$ 雖然在上下文中出現，但都無法完整解釋國庫收入增加的直接原因。 這題難度為 medium。這類代名詞指稱題需要學生跳脫單字，去理解前文描述的「事件」或「體制」，對理解文章邏輯非常有幫助喔！安妮亞要去吃花生看下一集了，你也要繼續加油！