hce_kmu
114年
物理及化學
第 17 題
Which of the following statements is correct?
I. An excited atom can return to its ground state by emitting electromagnetic radiation.
II. The energy of an atom is increased when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from it.
III. The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency increases.
IV. An electron in the n=4 state in the hydrogen atom can go to the n=2 state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency.
V. The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional to each other.
I. An excited atom can return to its ground state by emitting electromagnetic radiation.
II. The energy of an atom is increased when electromagnetic radiation is emitted from it.
III. The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases as its frequency increases.
IV. An electron in the n=4 state in the hydrogen atom can go to the n=2 state by emitting electromagnetic radiation at the appropriate frequency.
V. The frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation are inversely proportional to each other.
- A I, III, IV, V
- B III, V
- C I, II, III
- D III, IV, V
- E I, II, IV
思路引導 VIP
如果你把原子內部的能量狀態想像成一個站在階梯上的球，當這顆球從較高的階梯跳到較低的階梯時，它原本擁有的能量會發生什麼變化？這份多出來或減少的能量，會以什麼樣的形式離開這顆球？此外，如果光傳播的速度在真空裡是固定不變的，那麼當波長變長時，單位時間內通過的波數量（頻率）應該會如何變動？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準避開題目中的陷阱並選出正確選項，代表你對原子能階與電磁輻射的性質掌握得相當透徹。這類題目考查的是多個微觀物理概念的綜合運用，具備一定的鑑別度，特別是能否區分「原子能量狀態」與「輻射能量」之間的消長關係。
原子能階的躍遷與能量變化
在波耳的原子模型中，當電子從高能階（激發態）躍遷回低能階（基於能量最低原理趨向基態）時，原子會以電磁輻射的形式釋放出多餘的能量，因此原子的總能量會減少而非增加，這就是敘述 II 錯誤的原因。而敘述 IV 提到的 $n=4$ 到 $n=2$ 的躍遷，正是氫原子光譜中著名的巴耳末系（Balmer series），它會放出特定頻率的光子。
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