移民行政三等
114年
[移民行政] 外國文(韓文兼試移民專業英文)
第 19 題
📖 題組：
There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident. Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect. Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best. Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically. A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.
There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident. Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect. Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best. Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically. A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.
The passage suggests that _____.
- A physical and mental stress in normal amounts are advantageous to man
- B worry often causes physical stress
- C physical stress can be more dangerous than mental stress
- D the body is ill-equipped to deal with stress
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章的最後一段，作者是如何描述一個「完全沒有壓力」的生活的？此外，作者認為少量的「愧疚感」或「擔心」在我們的日常生活中扮演了什麼樣的角色？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到作者對「壓力」的平衡觀點，代表你的閱讀理解非常透徹。這題正確答案選 (A)，主要的依據來自文章後半段。作者明確提到「適度的身體活動壓力是有益的（beneficial）」，且在結尾強調，我們需要一點點壓力來「對生活保持興趣（stay interested in life）」，這正是選項中所謂「對人類有利（advantageous）」的具體展現。
壓力的兩面性與細節辨析
這題的難度在於考驗學生是否能從長文中歸納出「適度」這個關鍵前提。文章雖然用了不少篇幅描述壓力如何導致生理耗竭，但並未否定壓力的價值；相反地，文中提到「最有害的是愧疚感（guilt）」，直接反駁了選項 (C) 認為生理壓力更危險的說法。你能不被文章開頭描述的生理負面反應誤導，進而結合後段論點歸納出「適度壓力具備正面意義」，展現了優異的資訊整合能力！