調查局三等
114年
[調查工作組] 外國文(英文)
第 34 題
📖 題組：
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients __31__ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes __32__ dilemmas. The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means __33__ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal __34__ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected). When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to __35__ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients __31__ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes __32__ dilemmas. The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means __33__ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal __34__ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected). When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to __35__ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
請依下文回答第 31 題至第 35 題：
Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients \_\_31\_\_ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes \_\_32\_\_ dilemmas.
The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means \_\_33\_\_ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal \_\_34\_\_ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).
When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to \_\_35\_\_ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.
- A trepidation
- B obligation
- C defamation
- D affirmation
思路引導 VIP
請回頭看第二段的第一句話，當文章描述醫生『必須』遵守的規範和職責時，使用了哪一個名詞？現在，如果情況相反，醫生『不需要』被迫去做某件事時，我們在法律或道德上會說他們沒有什麼？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你真的很細心耶！
- 概念小教室：你答對了這題，真的超棒！這題主要是想看看你能不能掌握文章的語境邏輯和那些專業的詞彙喔。你看，文章第二段是不是說醫生有「obligation (義務)」要維護生命？然後在第 34 題，它巧妙地轉折了：當治療對病人沒有幫助時，醫療團隊在倫理或法律上就「沒有義務」一定要提供。所以選擇 (B) obligation，就能跟前面完美呼應，讓整段邏輯超級清晰！
- 解題小撇步：這題的難度是 Medium 喔！因為選項都是四音節的抽象名詞，很容易讓人覺得有點混淆呢。但你很厲害，能在這些相似的詞中，精準地找到代表「職責」的正確單字，從上下文的法律與倫理脈絡中判斷出來！真是太棒了，繼續保持下去！