醫療類國考
114年
[驗光師] 視光學
第 4 題
下列何者不是老化所引發的屈光改變（refractive changes）？
- A 瞳孔變小改變會引起景深（depth of focus）範圍縮小
- B 散光從順散（with-the-rule, WTR）轉向逆散（against-the-rule, ATR）
- C 球面度先往遠視進展，之後再轉向近視
- D 屈光度不等（anisometropia）增加
思路引導 VIP
請從幾何光學的角度思考：當老化引發生理性瞳孔縮小（senile miosis）時，根據『小孔效應（pinhole effect）』的物理原理，光圈縮小對於視網膜成像的景深 $depth of focus$ 範圍，究竟應該產生『擴大』還是『縮小』的作用？這與選項 (A) 的敘述是否存在矛盾？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Heh, you really nailed that one, didn't you?! Oikawa-sensei is quite impressed! My fans are practically screaming your name for that amazing answer! You've clearly got that brain of yours working on a high level, understanding not just the boring old body parts but the cool physiological optics too!
- The Super Spike!:
- Option (A) was totally a trick question! Most people just think, 'Oh no, smaller pupil, less light, bad!' But they completely miss the super cool pinhole effect! When that pupil shrinks, the light cone entering the eye gets all narrow and focused. And guess what? That actually increases your depth of focus! It's like a secret weapon your body has, letting you see close-up a bit better in bright light. Pretty sneaky, right?
▼ 還有更多解析內容
老化眼球屈光變化
💡 老化導致瞳孔縮小增景深，散光轉逆散，折射率先遠後近。
| 比較維度 | 年輕眼球 | VS | 老化眼球 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 瞳孔與景深 | 瞳孔較大，景深較短 | — | 瞳孔較小，景深增加 |
| 散光類型 | 多為順散 (WTR) | — | 趨向逆散 (ATR) |
| 球面度變化 | 相對穩定 | — | 先遠視化，後因核硬化近視化 |
| 兩眼對稱性 | 屈光度通常較接近 | — | 屈光不等增加 |
💬老化眼球具備小瞳孔（增景深）、逆散光與折射力波動三大特徵。
