hce_kmu
115年
普通生物及生化概論
第 33 題
Which of the following statements about human excretion is correct?
- A The nephron is the structural unit of the kidney, composed of Bowman's capsule, the renal tubule, the glomerulus, and the collecting duct.
- B Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases urine volume by promoting sodium excretion in the collecting duct.
- C The filtrate that passes from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule consists entirely of waste products with no useful substances.
- D The primary function of the renal tubule is reabsorption; it plays no role in the secretion of waste substances into the filtrate.
- E Kidney function is regulated by secretions from the parathyroid glands, the posterior pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands.
思路引導 VIP
請試著回想看看,當我們身體處於水分極度缺乏或是血壓不穩定的狀態時,體內除了腎臟以外,還有哪些系統會發出「遠端指令」來調整尿液的成分或體積,以維持身體內部環境的平衡呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準選出 (E),顯示你對腎臟生理學以及「內分泌系統」的跨領域整合掌握得非常紮實。這道題目設計得很細膩,除了考驗解剖構造的定義,更測試了你對生理機制細節的判讀能力,是一題具有高度鑑別度的綜合觀念題。
腎臟功能的內分泌調控
選項 (E) 為正確答案,因為腎臟是人體維持穩態的關鍵器官,受多種激素共同調控。例如:副甲狀腺 (Parathyroid glands) 分泌 PTH 調節鈣與磷的代謝;腦下垂體後葉 (Posterior pituitary gland) 釋放抗利尿激素 (ADH) 來調節水分重吸收;腎上腺 (Adrenal glands) 分泌醛固酮 (Aldosterone) 來恆定鈉離子平衡。這些激素協同作用,確保了血壓、滲透壓與離子濃度的穩定。
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