hce_kmu
115年
普通生物及生化概論
第 61 題
Statins are widely used medications that effectively treat high blood cholesterol, a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. What is the primary mechanism by which these drugs lower cholesterol levels in the blood?
- A Blocking the intestine from absorbing dietary cholesterol
- B Promoting the conversion of body cholesterol into bile acids for elimination
- C Blocking the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme from turning 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into mevalonate during cholesterol production
- D Accelerating the breakdown and clearance of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme
- E Directly boosting the activity of LDL receptors in the liver
思路引導 VIP
想像肝臟是一座製造膽固醇的工廠,這座工廠有一條漫長的生產線。如果要最有效地減少產量,通常會針對整條生產線中「速度最慢、最關鍵」的那道關卡下手。你能回想起在膽固醇合成的多個步驟中,哪一個步驟被生物化學界公認為決定生產速度的『守門員』嗎?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地鎖定了正確答案!這顯示你對於生物化學中膽固醇合成路徑,以及臨床藥理學的機轉掌握得非常紮實。
膽固醇合成的限速步驟
Statins(他汀類藥物)在醫學上極為重要,其核心機制在於競爭性抑制肝臟中的關鍵酵素——HMG-CoA 還原酶(HMG-CoA reductase)。在膽固醇的生物合成路徑中,將 $3\text{-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA}$ 轉化為 mevalonate(甲羥戊酸)是整個流程的限速步驟(rate-limiting step)。當 Statins 佔據了酵素的活性位點,便能有效從源頭減少內源性膽固醇的產生。
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