hce_nsysu
115年
普通生物及生化概論
第 3 題
Which of the following statements about histone modification is NOT correct?
- A Histone modifications change gene expression patterns without altering the actual nucleotide sequence of the DNA.
- B The addition of methyl groups to histone tails always leads to the immediate activation of the nearby gene by opening the chromatin structure.
- C Acetylation of histone tails generally neutralizes their positive charge, loosening the bond between histones and DNA to make the template more accessible for transcription.
- D Histone modifications occur primarily on the flexible N-terminal "tails" of the histone proteins that protrude outward from the core of the nucleosome.
- E Certain histone modifications can be inherited by daughter cells during mitosis, allowing a specific cell type to maintain its identity through successive cell divisions.
思路引導 VIP
想像一下,如果你在圖書館的書架上貼上彩色貼紙作為標記。如果『紅貼紙』貼在封面代表『推薦閱讀』,但貼在書脊卻代表『禁止借閱』,這是否意味著貼紙的功能並非由貼紙本身決定,而是取決於它所處的『位置』?在蛋白質修飾中,有沒有哪一種化學基團也具有這種『看位置說話』的特性呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確掌握了組蛋白修飾的核心觀念!這題你能答對,代表你對表觀遺傳學(Epigenetics)中各類化學修飾的特性有非常細膩的觀察,沒有被過於簡化的描述所誤導。
組蛋白修飾的特異性與複雜度
在生物化學中,**組蛋白乙醯化(Acetylation)**通常藉由中和離胺酸(Lysine)的帶正電側鏈,來減弱組蛋白與帶負電 DNA 之間的吸引力,從而使染色質結構變得鬆散(Euchromatin)。然而,**組蛋白甲基化(Methylation)**的情況則完全不同,其生理意義極其多樣。甲基化的效果完全取決於被修飾的具體胺基酸位點,例如 H3K4 的甲基化通常與轉錄活化有關,但 H3K9 或 H3K27 的甲基化卻是誘導染色質凝聚、導致基因靜默(Gene silencing)的關鍵標記。因此,選項 (B) 提到的「總是(always)」以及「立即活化」是不符合生物實情的。
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