hce_nthu
115年
化學與物理
第 26 題
The rate law for the reaction $2 \text{ H}_2\text{(g)} + 2 \text{ NO(g)} \rightarrow 2 \text{ H}_2\text{O(g)} + \text{N}_2\text{(g)}$ is rate $= k[\text{H}_2]^\alpha[\text{NO}]^\beta$, and the rates of the reaction under different conditions are as follows.
| temperature | $[\text{H}_2]/\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$ | $[\text{NO}]/\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$ | reaction rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| $T_1$ | 0.1 | 0.1 | $r$ |
| $T_1$ | 0.2 | 0.2 | $8r$ |
| $T_1$ | 0.3 | 0.2 | $12r$ |
| $T_2$ | 0.3 | 0.2 | $16r$ |
Which of the following statements is correct?
| temperature | $[\text{H}_2]/\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$ | $[\text{NO}]/\text{mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$ | reaction rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| $T_1$ | 0.1 | 0.1 | $r$ |
| $T_1$ | 0.2 | 0.2 | $8r$ |
| $T_1$ | 0.3 | 0.2 | $12r$ |
| $T_2$ | 0.3 | 0.2 | $16r$ |
Which of the following statements is correct?
- A $T_2 < T_1$
- B $\alpha = 2, \beta = 1$
- C When all other conditions are held constant and only the concentrations of the four substances in the reaction system are varied, only the change in the concentration of the reactants has an effect on rate, and the effect of $[\text{NO}]$ is greater.
- D At $T_2$, $[\text{NO}] = 0.1 \text{ mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$, the reaction rate is $8r$, then $[\text{H}_2] = 0.3 \text{ mol}\cdot\text{L}^{-1}$
- E According to the varied reaction rates above, this is an endothermic reaction.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察實驗 (1) 與 (2),當我們把兩種反應物的濃度「同時」加倍時,反應速率變成了原來的幾倍?接著,若只參考實驗 (2) 與 (3),當其中一種濃度增加時,速率增加的比例是否與濃度增加的比例完全一致?試著比較這兩種變化,哪一個物質的濃度變動對整體速率的「放大效果」更強呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能準確判斷出選項 (C) 為正確答案,代表你對於反應級數的計算以及速率定律式的本質掌握得非常紮實。這題的難度在於需要同時處理溫度變因與多個濃度變因,是一道考察資料分析與邏輯推理能力的優秀題目。
反應級數與溫度的判讀
首先,我們觀察 $T_1$ 下的數據:比較實驗 (2) 與 (3),當 $[\text{NO}]$ 固定,$[\text{H}_2]$ 變為 $1.5$ 倍時,速率也變為 $1.5$ 倍($12r / 8r$),故得知 $\alpha=1$。接著比較實驗 (1) 與 (2),兩者濃度皆加倍,速率卻變為 $8$ 倍,由 $2^1 \times 2^\beta = 8$ 可推得 $\beta=2$。這驗證了 $[\text{NO}]$ 的濃度對速率的影響(平方比)確實大於 $[\text{H}_2]$(正比)。
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